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Plaque-induced gingivitis: Case definition and diagnostic considerations.

Leonardo Trombelli1,2, Roberto Farina1,2, Cléverson O Silva3

  • 1Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.

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|June 22, 2018
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Summary

A new definition for gingivitis cases (GC) uses bleeding on probing (BOP) scores. This helps identify and grade gingivitis in patients, improving prevention and treatment strategies.

Keywords:
gingival diseasesgingival hemorrhagegingivitis

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Area of Science:

  • Periodontology
  • Oral Health
  • Clinical Dentistry

Background:

  • Gingival inflammation is common globally but lacks a universal case definition.
  • Distinguishing between a 'gingivitis site' and a 'gingivitis case' (GC) is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
  • Current methods for assessing gingival inflammation need refinement for consistent case identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical, biochemical, microbiologic, and genetic markers of plaque-induced gingivitis.
  • To propose standardized criteria for defining and grading a gingivitis case (GC).
  • To establish a clear distinction between localized and generalized gingivitis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing methods for assessing gingival inflammation.
  • Analysis of clinical markers, including bleeding on probing (BOP).
  • Development of a grading system based on BOP percentage.

Main Results:

  • Bleeding on probing (BOP) score can simply and accurately identify and grade gingivitis cases (GC).
  • A BOP score ≥ 10% defines a GC in patients with an intact periodontium.
  • Localized GC is defined as BOP 10-30%, and generalized GC as BOP >30%.

Conclusions:

  • A proposed BOP-based classification system provides objective criteria for diagnosing gingivitis cases (GC).
  • This definition applies to patients with both intact and reduced periodontium.
  • Standardized GC definition aids in assessing prevention, treatment, and surveillance of gingivitis.