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Plaque-induced gingivitis: Case definition and diagnostic considerations.

Leonardo Trombelli1,2, Roberto Farina1,2, Cléverson O Silva3

  • 1Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.

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|June 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A new definition for gingivitis cases (GC) uses bleeding on probing (BOP) scores to identify patients with gingival inflammation. This helps in assessing prevention strategies and treatment effectiveness globally.

Keywords:
gingival diseasesgingival hemorrhagegingivitis

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Area of Science:

  • Periodontology
  • Oral Health
  • Clinical Dentistry

Background:

  • Gingival inflammation is prevalent globally but lacks a standardized case definition.
  • Distinguishing between a 'gingivitis site' and a 'gingivitis case' (GC) is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
  • Existing measurement systems for gingival inflammation require a unified approach for case definition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical, biochemical, microbiologic, and genetic markers of plaque-induced gingivitis.
  • To propose evidence-based criteria for defining a gingivitis case (GC).
  • To establish a universally accepted case definition for gingivitis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical, biochemical, microbiologic, and genetic markers associated with gingivitis.
  • Analysis of existing methods for assessing gingival inflammation.
  • Development of criteria for grading gingivitis based on bleeding on probing (BOP).

Main Results:

  • Bleeding on probing (BOP) score can simply, objectively, and accurately identify and grade gingivitis cases (GC).
  • A patient with an intact periodontium is diagnosed as a GC with a BOP score ≥ 10%.
  • Localized GC is defined by BOP 10–30%, and generalized GC by BOP >30%.

Conclusions:

  • A proposed classification using BOP% can define gingivitis cases (GC) in patients with intact or reduced periodontium.
  • The proposed criteria facilitate accurate assessment of prevention and treatment strategies.
  • Standardized GC definition aids in prioritizing therapeutic actions and surveillance.