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Peri-implantitis.

Frank Schwarz1, Jan Derks2, Alberto Monje3,4

  • 1Department of Oral Surgery and Implantology, Carolinum, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.

Journal of Periodontology
|June 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peri-implantitis involves inflammation and bone loss around dental implants. Key risk factors include prior periodontitis and poor oral hygiene, though smoking and diabetes links remain unclear.

Keywords:
diagnosisimplantologyperi-implantitissystematic reviews and evidence-based medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Implantology
  • Periodontology
  • Oral Pathology

Background:

  • Peri-implantitis is a significant complication following dental implant placement.
  • Understanding its definition, progression, and risk factors is crucial for effective management.
  • The 2017 World Workshop provided updated classifications for periodontal and peri-implant diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an evidence-based overview of peri-implantitis.
  • To synthesize current knowledge on peri-implantitis based on the 2017 classification.
  • To review the definition, progression, characteristics, and risk factors of peri-implantitis.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review of existing literature was performed.
  • Key topics included peri-implantitis definition, conversion from mucositis, disease progression, characteristics, risk factors, and bone loss without inflammation.
  • Literature was assessed for evidence supporting various aspects of peri-implantitis.

Main Results:

  • Peri-implantitis is defined by inflammation and progressive bone loss around implants.
  • Disease onset can be early, with non-linear, accelerating progression.
  • Clinical signs include inflammation and increased probing depths; histologically, lesions are often larger than in periodontitis.
  • Previous periodontitis, poor plaque control, and lack of maintenance are strong risk factors.
  • Links to smoking and diabetes are inconclusive; submucosal cement and hygiene challenges are potential factors.

Conclusions:

  • Peri-implantitis presents with distinct clinical and histological inflammatory characteristics and bone loss patterns.
  • While certain factors strongly predict risk, others require further investigation.
  • Progressive bone loss without soft tissue inflammation appears to be a rare occurrence.