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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Caffeine Extraction, Enzymatic Activity and Gene Expression of Caffeine Synthase from Plant Cell Suspensions
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Development and initial psychometric validation of the Brief-Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (B-CaffEQ).

Nathan T Kearns1, Heidemarie Blumenthal1, Prathiba Natesan2

  • 1Department of Psychology.

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Summary

A new, shorter Brief-Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (B-CaffEQ) effectively measures caffeine use expectations. This validated 20-item tool is comparable to other substance use measures, aiding research and clinical use.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychopharmacology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Caffeine is the most consumed psychoactive substance in the US.
  • Use expectancies significantly influence substance consumption patterns.
  • Limited research exists on caffeine-specific use effect expectancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To psychometrically validate a brief, 20-item version of the Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (B-CaffEQ).
  • To assess the reliability and validity of the B-CaffEQ in a diverse undergraduate sample.
  • To provide a more accessible tool for measuring caffeine use expectancies.

Main Methods:

  • Psychometric validation of the 20-item Brief-Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (B-CaffEQ).
  • Utilized confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling.
  • Assessed concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity in a multiethnic sample (N=975).

Main Results:

  • The B-CaffEQ replicated the 7-factor structure of the original 47-item CaffEQ.
  • Demonstrated good internal consistency, concurrent validity with caffeine use, and convergent validity.
  • Showed discriminant validity from other stimulant use metrics and invariance across user types.

Conclusions:

  • The B-CaffEQ is a reliable and valid measure of caffeine use effect expectancies.
  • Its brevity and strong psychometric properties facilitate wider research and clinical application.
  • The B-CaffEQ offers a practical alternative to longer expectancy measures.