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Bright, Mechanosensitive Upconversion with Cubic-Phase Heteroepitaxial Core-Shell Nanoparticles.

Alice Lay, Chris Siefe, Stefan Fischer

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Summary

Engineered lanthanide-doped nanoparticles with core-shell structures enhance brightness and mechanosensitivity for optical sensing. This innovation improves signal quality without sacrificing performance, paving the way for advanced in vivo and in situ applications.

Keywords:
Heteroepitaxialcore−shelllanthanidesmechanosensitivityquantum yieldupconversion

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Optical Sensing

Background:

  • Lanthanide-doped nanoparticles offer unique optical sensing properties like sharp emission and photostability.
  • Cubic-phase (α) nanoparticles exhibit high mechanosensitivity but suffer from low upconversion quantum yield (UCQY).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer brighter, more sensitive mechanosensitive upconverters using a core-shell geometry.
  • To investigate the impact of shell materials and strain on nanoparticle imaging and sensing.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of sub-25 nm cubic-phase (α) NaYF4:Yb,Er cores shelled with optically inert layers (NaGdF4, NaYF4, NaLuF4).
  • Characterization of upconversion quantum yield (UCQY) and mechanosensitivity under varying pressure (up to 5 GPa).

Main Results:

  • Core-shell nanoparticles demonstrated enhanced UCQY, reaching 0.14% at 150 W/cm², comparable to hexagonal-phase nanoparticles.
  • The compressive Gd shell significantly tuned mechanosensitivity, showing a 12.2 ± 1.2% per GPa change in the red to green emission ratio.
  • Ratiometric readouts remained consistent across three pressure cycles.

Conclusions:

  • Heteroepitaxial shelling boosts signal brightness and maintains mechanosensing capabilities in cubic-phase nanoparticles.
  • Core-shell cubic-phase nanoparticles are promising for advanced in vivo and in situ optical sensing applications.