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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

1.8K
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

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Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
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Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

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Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
2.8K
Antibody Structure and Classes01:25

Antibody Structure and Classes

9.3K
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.
9.3K
Affinity and Avidity01:41

Affinity and Avidity

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Overview
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Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Hippocampal Neuronal Cultures to Detect and Study New Pathogenic Antibodies Involved in Autoimmune Encephalitis
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Hippocampal Neuronal Cultures to Detect and Study New Pathogenic Antibodies Involved in Autoimmune Encephalitis

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Autoimmune encephalitis associated with two antibodies.

Nikolai Gil D Reyes1, Mario B Prado1, Christian Wilson R Turalde1

  • 1Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine-Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Taft Avenue, Manila, Philippines.

Epilepsy & Behavior Case Reports
|June 22, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmune encephalitis should be suspected in patients with encephalitis symptoms but no infection signs. Treatment involves tumor removal, steroids, and immunotherapy for effective management of this neurological condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Encephalitis can present with neurological symptoms but lack clear infectious origins.
  • Identifying non-infectious causes is crucial for appropriate patient management.

Observation:

  • Patients exhibiting encephalitis symptoms without infection markers warrant suspicion of an autoimmune cause.
  • Co-occurrence of antibodies targeting multiple neural antigens is possible in autoimmune encephalitis.

Findings:

  • A comprehensive, clinically-guided autoimmune panel is essential for diagnosing suspected autoimmune encephalitis.
  • Effective treatment strategies include tumor resection (when applicable), high-dose corticosteroids, and immunotherapy.

Implications:

  • This approach aids in diagnosing and managing autoimmune encephalitis, improving patient outcomes.
  • Highlights the importance of considering autoimmune etiologies in unexplained encephalitis cases.