Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Hippocampal Neuronal Cultures to Detect and Study New Pathogenic Antibodies Involved in Autoimmune Encephalitis
Published on: June 2, 2022
Autoimmune encephalitis associated with two antibodies
Nikolai Gil D Reyes1, Mario B Prado1, Christian Wilson R Turalde1
1Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine-Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Taft Avenue, Manila, Philippines.
Abstract:
•In patients presenting with clinical manifestations of encephalitis without clinical or laboratory signs of infection, an autoimmune etiology should be suspected.•Antibodies for various neural antigens may coexist, thus a complete and clinically-guided autoimmune panel must be done in suspected cases of autoimmune encephalitis.•Tumor resection, if applicable, combined with high dose steroids and immunotherapy are effective treatment strategies for autoimmune encephalitis with coexisting antibodies.
Related Concept Videos
Autoimmune Disorders
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
Antibody Structure
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibody Actions
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
Antibody Structure and Classes
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.
Affinity and Avidity
Humoral Immune Responses

