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Coronary Circulation

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The heart, an organ critical to survival, gets nourishment not from the blood it pumps but from a separate circulation system known as coronary circulation. This is the shortest circulation in the body and is responsible for supplying the heart with the nutrients it needs to function effectively.
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Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
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Suppose a positive test charge moves away from a positive static charge, then the Coulomb force does positive work, and its electric potential energy decreases. The potential energy per unit charge is defined as the electric potential. The electric potential is independent of the test charge.
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Difference from Background: Limit of Detection01:05

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The limit of detection (LOD) is the smallest amount of analyte that can be distinguished from the background noise. The LOD value corresponds to the concentration at which the analyte signal is three times larger than the standard deviation of the blank signal. Below this value, the analyte signal cannot be differentiated from the background noise. It is calculated by dividing the calibration slope by 3 times the standard deviation of the blank signals.
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The F-test is used to compare two sample variances to each other or compare the sample variance to the population variance. It is used to decide whether an indeterminate error can explain the difference in their values. The underlying assumptions that allow the use of the F-test include the data set or sets are normally distributed, and the data sets are independent of each other. The test statistic F is calculated by dividing one variance by another. In other words, the square of one standard...
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Derivation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells
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Circulating Progenitor Cells and Racial Differences.

Ayman Samman Tahhan1, Muhammad Hammadah1, Heval Mohamed Kelli1

  • 1From the Division of Cardiology, Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Emory University School of Medicine (A.S.T., M.H., H.M.K., J.H.K., P.B.S., A.A., B.K., M.M.G., M.T., S.S.H., W.T.O., M.O., I.H., V.V., A.A.Q.).

Circulation Research
|June 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Black individuals exhibit lower circulating progenitor cell (CPC) counts than white individuals, indicating impaired regenerative capacity. These lower CPC levels are linked to increased cardiovascular risk and mortality in Black populations.

Keywords:
CD34+MMP-9blackdisparityoutcomesprogenitor cells

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Blacks have a higher risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes compared to whites.
  • Impaired regenerative capacity, indicated by lower circulating progenitor cell (CPC) levels, is a novel determinant of adverse outcomes.
  • Racial differences in CPC levels are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate racial differences in CPC counts between Black and White individuals.
  • To examine PC-mobilizing factors and PC mobilization during acute myocardial infarction.
  • To determine the predictive value of CPC counts in Black versus White populations.

Main Methods:

  • Enumerated CPCs using flow cytometry in 1747 subjects (26% Black).
  • Measured levels of SDF-1α, VEGF, and MMP-9.
  • Followed 623 patients for survival analysis, with separate analysis for 91 acute myocardial infarction patients.

Main Results:

  • Blacks had significantly lower counts of CD34+, CD34+/CD133+, CD34+/CXCR4+, and CD34+/VEGF2R+ cells compared to whites.
  • Lower CPC counts in Blacks were not affected by traditional risk factors or cardiovascular disease.
  • Lower CD34+ counts predicted mortality similarly in both Black and White individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Black individuals have lower CPC levels than whites, partly due to lower circulating MMP-9.
  • Impaired regenerative capacity in Black individuals may contribute to their increased cardiovascular event risk.
  • Lower CPC levels are predictive of adverse outcomes in Black populations.