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Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

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Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
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Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

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A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

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Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
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Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides02:17

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Thiols and sulfides are sulfur analogs of alcohols and ethers, respectively, where the sulfur atom takes the place of the oxygen atom. Thus, thiols are generally represented as RSH, where R is an alkyl substituent and —SH is the functional group. On the other hand, in sulfides, the central sulfur atom is bonded to two hydrocarbon groups on either side. Depending upon the type of group, sulfides can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. Both thiols and sulfides display a bent geometry,...
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Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

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Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
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Chemical Stoichiometry and Gases: Using Ideal Gas Law to Determine Moles03:12

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Chemical stoichiometry describes the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in chemical reactions.
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A Sensitive Visual Method for the Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide Producing Bacteria
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Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Detection via Multivariate Optical Computing.

Bin Dai1, Christopher Michael Jones2, Megan Pearl3

  • 1Sensor Physics Department, Halliburton Company, 3000 N. Sam Houston Pkwy E., Houston, TX 77032, USA. Bin.Dai2@halliburton.com.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 23, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Monitoring hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) gas is crucial. Multivariate optical computing (MOC) offers a robust method for accurate H₂S detection, even with interfering gases, simplifying instrumentation and improving durability.

Keywords:
H2SUV spectroscopydownhole optical sensormultivariate optical computingmultivariate optical element

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy
  • Chemical Sensing

Background:

  • Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a toxic gas requiring accurate monitoring.
  • Traditional methods can be susceptible to interferences and calibration drift.
  • Multivariate optical computing (MOC) offers a promising alternative for chemical detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a Multivariate Optical Computing (MOC) system for detecting hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) gas.
  • To assess the performance of MOC in the ultraviolet (UV) spectral region under high-pressure/high-temperature (HPHT) conditions.
  • To evaluate the accuracy and reliability of H₂S measurements in the presence of interfering gaseous species.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory spectroscopic measurements were conducted to acquire UV spectra of H₂S and interference gas mixtures.
  • A multivariate optical element (MOE) was designed and fabricated based on spectral data.
  • An MOC validation system incorporating the MOE was used to test H₂S and mercaptan mixtures under various pressures.

Main Results:

  • The designed MOE demonstrated an expected measurement relative accuracy of 3.3% for H₂S in the range of 0–150 nmol/mL.
  • The MOC validation system achieved a relative accuracy of 8.05% for H₂S measurement in mixtures.
  • The MOC technique proved effective in minimizing responses to interfering gaseous species.

Conclusions:

  • Multivariate optical computing (MOC) provides a durable and accurate method for hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) gas detection.
  • The developed MOE and MOC system show potential for real-world applications requiring reliable gas sensing.
  • MOC simplifies instrument design and enhances robustness against environmental perturbations.