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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

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Published on: June 8, 2022
Ternary Free-Energy Entropic Lattice Boltzmann Model with a High Density Ratio
M Wöhrwag1,2, C Semprebon3, A Mazloomi Moqaddam2,4
1Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.
Abstract:
A thermodynamically consistent free energy model for fluid flows comprised of one gas and two liquid components is presented and implemented using the entropic lattice Boltzmann scheme. The model allows a high density ratio, up to the order of O(10^{3}), between the liquid and gas phases, and a broad range of surface tension ratios, covering partial wetting states where Neumann triangles are formed, and full wetting states where complete encapsulation of one of the fluid components is observed. We further demonstrate that we can capture the bouncing, adhesive, and insertive regimes for the binary collisions between immiscible droplets suspended in air. Our approach opens up a vast range of multiphase flow applications involving one gas and several liquid components.
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