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Yellow Fever Virus: Knowledge Gaps Impeding the Fight Against an Old Foe

Florian Douam1, Alexander Ploss1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, 110 Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.

Trends in Microbiology
|June 24, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Yellow fever (YF) remains a significant global health threat, despite historical control. Recent outbreaks highlight the urgent need for research into yellow fever virus (YFV) and host interactions.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Yellow fever (YF) historically caused devastating epidemics in Africa and the Americas.
  • The live-attenuated YFV-17D vaccine is highly effective.
  • Urban YF transmission was largely controlled in the 20th century through vaccination and mosquito control.

Observation:

  • Recent YF outbreaks (2016-2018) occurred in areas with previously low disease activity.
  • An estimated 400-500 million unvaccinated individuals reside in current at-risk regions.
  • YF poses a renewed threat to human health and economic stability.

Findings:

  • Yellow fever virus (YFV) research has significant knowledge gaps regarding host-pathogen interactions and disease mechanisms.
  • The YFV-17D vaccine's long-term efficacy and safety in evolving epidemiological contexts require ongoing evaluation.
  • Understanding YFV pathogenesis is crucial for predicting and managing future outbreaks.

Implications:

  • There is an urgent need to advance YFV research to address current knowledge gaps.
  • Enhanced surveillance and vaccination strategies are necessary for at-risk populations.
  • Continued investment in YF research is vital for global health security and economic resilience.
Keywords:
flavivirusesviral pathogenesisyellow feveryellow fever vaccineyellow fever virus

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