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Handgrip Strength Cannot Be Assumed a Proxy for Overall Muscle Strength.

Suey S Y Yeung1, Esmee M Reijnierse2, Marijke C Trappenburg3

  • 1Department of Human Movement Sciences, AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine and Aged Care, AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.

Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
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PubMed
Summary

Handgrip strength (HGS) and knee extension strength (KES) showed low to moderate agreement across different age and health groups. HGS should not be used as a sole proxy for overall muscle strength.

Keywords:
Muscle strengthagedgeriatric assessmentknee extension strength

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Kinesiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Dynapenia, characterized by low muscle strength, is a significant predictor of adverse health outcomes.
  • Handgrip strength (HGS) is commonly used to assess muscle strength, but its reliability as a proxy for overall muscle strength is debated.
  • The relationship between HGS and other measures of muscle strength, such as knee extension strength (KES), may vary with age and health status.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the agreement between HGS and KES across diverse populations defined by age and health status.
  • To determine if HGS can serve as a reliable indicator of overall muscle strength in different demographic and clinical groups.
  • To investigate the influence of age and health status on the correlation between HGS and KES.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from five cohorts, including healthy young and older adults, geriatric outpatients, and individuals post-hip fracture.
  • Measurement of HGS and KES according to established protocols.
  • Statistical analysis including Pearson correlation, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Bland-Altman analysis on sex-specific z-scores.

Main Results:

  • Pearson correlation coefficients between HGS and KES were generally low to moderate across all studied groups.
  • Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) indicated poor to moderate agreement between HGS and KES in all populations.
  • Bland-Altman analysis revealed considerable variability in the agreement between HGS and KES at the individual level within specific age and health status groups.

Conclusions:

  • There is a low to moderate agreement between handgrip strength and knee extension strength, irrespective of age and health status.
  • Handgrip strength alone is not a sufficient proxy for assessing overall muscle strength.
  • Further research may be needed to identify more comprehensive measures of muscle strength that account for variations across different populations.