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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
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What is Energy?04:10

What is Energy?

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The universe is composed of matter in different forms, and all forms of matter contain energy.  The different forms of energy on Earth originate from the Sun — the ultimate energy source. Plants capture light energy from the Sun, and, via the process of photosynthesis, convert it into chemical energy. This stored energy from plants can be harnessed in many ways. For example, eating plant products as food provides energy for our body to function, and burning wood or coal (fossilized...
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Free energy—abbreviated as G for the scientist Gibbs who discovered it—is a measurement of useful energy that can be extracted from a reaction to do work. It is the energy in a chemical reaction that is available after entropy is accounted for. Reactions that take in energy are considered endergonic and reactions that release energy are exergonic. Plants carry out endergonic reactions by taking in sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. Animals, in turn, break...
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The total of all possible kinds of energy present in a substance is called the internal energy (U), sometimes symbolized as E. Suppose a system with initial internal energy, Uinitial, undergoes a change in energy (transfer of work or heat), and the final internal energy of the system is Ufinal. Change in internal energy equals the difference between Ufinal and Uinitial.
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Dual-Energy Computed Tomography: Image Acquisition, Processing, and Workflow.

Alec J Megibow1, Avinash Kambadakone2, Lakshmi Ananthakrishnan3

  • 1Department of Radiology, NYU-Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, Room HCC 232, New York, NY 10016, USA.

Radiologic Clinics of North America
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dual energy computed tomography (DECT) offers advanced imaging but requires understanding acquisition methods. This review compares DECT scanner technologies to maximize diagnostic potential for radiologists.

Keywords:
Clinical integration of dual energy CTDual energy CTDual energy CT methodsDual energy workflow

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiology
  • Computed Tomography

Background:

  • Dual energy computed tomography (DECT) has existed for over a decade.
  • Widespread clinical adoption of DECT is imminent.
  • Understanding DECT data acquisition and reconstruction is crucial for clinical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the clinical relevance of DECT data acquisition and assembly.
  • To compare and contrast different DECT technologies.
  • To guide radiologists in utilizing DECT reconstructions for enhanced diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of DECT technologies: dual source, rapid kV switching, and spectral.
  • Comparison of data acquisition methods across different scanner types.
  • Analysis of how scanner technology influences data presentation and use.

Main Results:

  • Different DECT scanner types (dual source, rapid kV switching, spectral) have distinct data acquisition and presentation methods.
  • The specific scanner technology available dictates the potential applications and diagnostic power of DECT.
  • Radiologists must understand these differences to leverage DECT effectively.

Conclusions:

  • Appreciation of DECT acquisition and reconstruction is key to unlocking its full clinical potential.
  • The choice of DECT scanner technology directly impacts how data is presented and utilized.
  • This comparison aids practicing radiologists in selecting and interpreting DECT scans.