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Who Is Less Likely to Ostracize? Higher Trait Mindfulness Predicts More Inclusionary Behavior.

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Mindfulness, the ability to be present, reduces social exclusion. Individuals high in trait mindfulness are less likely to ostracize others and more likely to include those being excluded.

Keywords:
exclusioninclusionmindfulnessostracismsources of ostracism

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Mindfulness Studies

Background:

  • Ostracism, or social exclusion, causes significant distress.
  • Factors that mitigate ostracism are under-researched.
  • Trait mindfulness involves present-moment awareness and attention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between trait mindfulness and ostracism.
  • To determine if mindfulness reduces engagement in ostracism.
  • To identify the psychological mechanisms underlying mindfulness's effect on inclusion.

Main Methods:

  • Study 1: Survey of employed adults assessing trait mindfulness and ostracizing behaviors.
  • Study 2: Experimental manipulation of trait mindfulness and observation of group inclusion behaviors.
  • Study 3: Experimental manipulation focusing on attention and inclusion instructions.

Main Results:

  • Higher trait mindfulness correlated with less ostracism of coworkers.
  • Mindful individuals showed increased inclusion of ostracized group members.
  • Attention, not empathy, was identified as the key psychological process.

Conclusions:

  • Trait mindfulness is associated with reduced ostracism.
  • Mindful individuals are more attentive to targets of social exclusion.
  • Directing attention towards inclusion can promote prosocial behavior.