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Older men display elevated levels of senescence-associated exercise-responsive CD28null angiogenic T cells compared

Mark Ross1, Lesley Ingram1, Guy Taylor2

  • 1School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

Physiological Reports
|June 26, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Older adults have fewer angiogenic T cells (TANG), but a higher proportion are senescent (CD28null). Exercise increases TANG cells in older men, preferentially mobilizing senescent TANG cells, potentially impacting cardiovascular disease risk.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gerontology
  • Cardiovascular Science

Background:

  • Aging is linked to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, partly due to endothelial dysfunction and reduced vascular repair.
  • Angiogenic T cells (TANG), identified as CD31+ T cells, are crucial for vascular regeneration but decrease with age.
  • Older populations exhibit elevated levels of senescent T cells, which show responsiveness to exercise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether older adults have higher levels of circulating senescent (CD28null) TANG cells compared to younger individuals.
  • To determine if these senescent TANG cells are more responsive to exercise than their non-senescent (CD28+) counterparts in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of young (18-25 years) and older (60-75 years) healthy men participated in a 30-minute cycling exercise at 70% V˙O2 peak.
  • Circulating TANG cells (CD3+CD31+CD28+/null, including CD4+ and CD8+ subsets) were quantified using flow cytometry before, immediately after, and 1 hour post-exercise.
  • Comparisons were made between age groups and between senescent (CD28null) and non-senescent (CD28+) TANG cell phenotypes.

Main Results:

  • Older adults exhibited significantly lower basal levels of TANG cells compared to younger adults (410 ± 81 vs. 784 ± 118 cells·μL-1).
  • A greater proportion of circulating TANG cells in older adults were senescent (CD28null) compared to younger individuals (26.26 ± 5.08% vs. 13.36 ± 2.62%).
  • Exercise increased TANG cell counts in both groups, but in older men, it preferentially mobilized senescent CD8+ TANG cells (Δ74 ± 29 cells·μL-1) over non-senescent ones (Δ27 ± 15 cells·μL-1).

Conclusions:

  • This study is the first to show that older adults have fewer circulating TANG cells, but a higher proportion of these are senescent (CD28null).
  • Exercise preferentially mobilizes senescent TANG cells in older men, suggesting a unique response to physical activity.
  • The reduced number of circulating TANG cells and increased senescent TANG cells in older adults may contribute to age-related cardiovascular disease risk.

Keywords:
AgeAngiogenic T cellsCD28Exercise

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