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Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
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The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a critical marker of kidney function, reflecting the efficiency of filtration by the glomeruli. Renal clearance of specific substances, such as inulin or creatinine, is commonly used to measure GFR.
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Renal clearance is a critical parameter encompassing kidney filtration, secretion, and reabsorption processes. It is calculated using a specific equation to determine the rate at which the kidneys clear a drug.
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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Sézary Syndrome Presenting With Renal Involvement.

Katie Wickenden1, Matthew P M Graham-Brown2, David Veitch3

  • 1Department of Haematology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom.

American Journal of Kidney Diseases : the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation
|June 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Sézary syndrome, a rare T-cell lymphoma, can affect kidneys. This case shows successful treatment of renal involvement with alemtuzumab and stem cell transplant.

Keywords:
Sézary syndromeacute kidney injury (AKI)case reportcutaneous T-cell lymphomaerythrodermakidney biopsykidney functionlymphocytosis

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nephrology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Sézary syndrome is an aggressive leukemic variant of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
  • It typically presents with erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, and a clonal T-cell population.
  • Visceral involvement, including spleen and liver, is common and indicates a poor prognosis.

Observation:

  • A 66-year-old man presented with deteriorating kidney function.
  • Biopsies of skin and kidney confirmed Sézary syndrome with renal involvement.
  • The patient had a history of Sézary syndrome.

Findings:

  • Polymerase chain reaction confirmed a clonal T-cell population in skin, kidney, and peripheral blood.
  • Treatment with alemtuzumab significantly improved kidney function.
  • The patient subsequently underwent a successful allogeneic stem cell transplant.

Implications:

  • This case highlights a rare cause of decreased kidney function.
  • Renal involvement in Sézary syndrome requires systemic treatment.
  • Biopsy plays a crucial role in diagnosing Sézary syndrome and guiding treatment.