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Related Concept Videos

Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

953
Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
953
Soundness of Cement01:17

Soundness of Cement

578
The soundness of cement refers to the ability of cement paste to retain its volume after setting. Unsound cement can lead to expansion and structural damage due to the presence of free lime, magnesia, and calcium sulfate. Free lime hydrates very slowly, expanding and causing unsoundness, which is difficult to detect because it intercrystallizes with other compounds. Magnesia also reacts with water, forming crystals that can disrupt the cement's structure. Calcium sulfate can create...
578
Portland Cement01:21

Portland Cement

691
Portland cement is the essential binding ingredient in concrete, made from finely ground materials including lime, iron, silica, and alumina. Lime is derived primarily from limestone, marble, marl, seashells, and clays, which also supply iron and alumina, while silica is sourced from sand, chalk, and bauxite. Contemporary manufacturing of Portland cement is a significant source of carbon dioxide emissions, prompting research into reducing its content in concrete through alternative...
691
Fineness of Cement01:15

Fineness of Cement

523
The fineness of cement directly influences the rate of hydration, as the hydration begins at the surface of the cement particles. In addition to hydration, the fineness of cement is vital for various properties of concrete including workability, gypsum requirement, and long-term behavior. The fineness of cement is represented in terms of the specific surface of cement which is typically measured in square meters per kilogram, with several methods available for this determination.
Direct...
523
Strength of Cement01:20

Strength of Cement

506
Strength tests for cement are not performed directly on neat cement paste due to difficulty in obtaining consistent, reliable specimens. Instead, cement is typically tested in the form of cement-sand mortar.
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in...
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Types of Cement I01:21

Types of Cement I

390
Portland cement comes in several types, each with distinct properties and applications based on their chemical composition and hydration characteristics:
Type I (Ordinary Portland Cement) is widely used for general construction where special properties are not required. It has moderate sulfate resistance and heat of hydration.
Type II (Modified Cement) offers moderate resistance to sulfate attack and a lower rate of heat development compared to Type I. It is suitable for structures in...
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Metal-silicate Partitioning at High Pressure and Temperature: Experimental Methods and a Protocol to Suppress Highly Siderophile Element Inclusions
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Experimental tricalcium silicate cement induces reparative dentinogenesis.

Xin Li1, Mariano Simón Pedano2, Bernardo Camargo3

  • 1KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium; Wuhan University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Ministry of Education, The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Wuhan, PR China.

Dental Materials : Official Publication of the Academy of Dental Materials
|June 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

TCS 50, a new tricalcium silicate cement, effectively promotes reparative dentin formation in exposed minipig pulps without causing discoloration. This promising pulp-capping agent shows potential for aesthetic dental applications.

Keywords:
MinipigPulp cappingReparative dentinTricalcium silicate cement

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Regenerative Dentistry
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Hydraulic calcium-silicate cements (hCSCs) have limitations in dental pulp capping.
  • An experimental tricalcium silicate (TCS) cement, TCS 50, was developed to address these shortcomings.
  • In vitro studies indicated TCS 50 supports human dental pulp cell viability and induces odontogenic differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the pulpal repair potential of TCS 50 when applied to mechanically exposed minipig pulps.
  • To compare the efficacy of TCS 50 with commercial pulp-capping agents, ProRoot MTA and TheraCal LC.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty minipig teeth were mechanically exposed and capped with TCS 50, with examinations at 7 and 70 days.
  • ProRoot MTA and TheraCal LC served as reference materials.
  • Assessment included visual inspection for discoloration, micro-computed tomography, and histological analysis of inflammation and mineralized tissue formation.

Main Results:

  • TCS 50 did not cause tooth discoloration, unlike ProRoot MTA which induced gray/black discoloration.
  • At 7 days, 40% of TCS 50 treated pulps showed mild/moderate inflammation; by 70 days, all showed complete reparative dentin formation with tubular structures.
  • TheraCal LC showed a less favorable response, though differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

  • TCS 50 successfully induced reparative dentinogenesis in minipig pulps.
  • TCS 50 demonstrates promise as a pulp-capping agent, suitable for aesthetic applications due to its lack of discoloration.