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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Pattern-based Search of Epigenomic Data Using GeNemo
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GEsture: an online hand-drawing tool for gene expression pattern search.

Chunyan Wang1, Yiqing Xu1, Xuelin Wang1

  • 1College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

Peerj
|June 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers can now easily find genes with specific expression patterns using GEsture, an online tool. This method allows users to graph desired gene expression patterns, overcoming limitations of traditional clustering for gene discovery.

Keywords:
BioinformaticsGene expressionHand-drawingMicroarraysTime series

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Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Gene expression profiling generates extensive time series data crucial for understanding biological processes.
  • Identifying specific gene expression patterns within large datasets is challenging with conventional methods.
  • Existing clustering techniques struggle to efficiently detect user-defined or specific gene expression patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an intuitive online tool, GEsture, for identifying genes with user-defined expression patterns.
  • To enable researchers to explore temporal gene expression relationships, including similar, opposite, and time-delayed patterns.
  • To facilitate gene discovery by allowing direct graphical input of desired expression profiles.

Main Methods:

  • GEsture allows users to graphically input a desired gene expression pattern using a mouse.
  • The tool analyzes time series gene expression datasets to find genes matching the input pattern.
  • GEsture identifies genes with similar, opposite, and time-delayed expression profiles relative to the query pattern.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated GEsture's capacity for targeted gene hunting through three illustrative examples.
  • Successfully identified genes exhibiting user-specified expression patterns, including temporal relationships.
  • GEsture provides integrated visualization tools like expression pattern figures, heatmaps, and correlation networks.

Conclusions:

  • GEsture offers a novel and efficient approach for analyzing time series gene expression data.
  • The tool overcomes limitations of traditional clustering for identifying specific gene expression signatures.
  • GEsture aids researchers in understanding gene targets, functions, and biological processes through effective gene discovery.