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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Researchers have tested many persuasion strategies, including the foot-in-the door and the door-in-the-face techniques, in a variety of contexts. Ultimately, the principles are effective in selling products and changing people’s attitude, ideas, and behaviors (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004).
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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Polymer-grafted nanoparticles prepared via a grafting-from strategy: a computer simulation study.

Long Li1, Cheng Han, Dan Xu

  • 1School of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China. xueyh@cust.edu.cn.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|June 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Optimized nanoparticle (NP) size and initiator density enhance polymer grafting. This research guides the design of advanced polymer nanocomposites with improved performance and stability.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Polymer-grafted nanoparticles (NPs) are crucial for advanced materials.
  • The grafting-from strategy is a common method for NP functionalization.
  • Understanding chain distribution is key to controlling NP properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of NP size and initiator density on polymer grafting.
  • To explore chain competition during simultaneous grafting-from processes.
  • To predict the dispersion and stabilization of polymer-grafted NPs in polymer matrices.

Main Methods:

  • Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Stochastic reaction modeling.
  • Potential of mean force calculations.

Main Results:

  • An optimal range of NP sizes relative to monomer size exists for initiator site induction.
  • High initiator density leads to unbiased chain distribution due to shielding effects.
  • Simulation of simultaneous grafting-from processes on multiple NPs.

Conclusions:

  • Findings provide insights into chain dispersity during grafting-from.
  • Results offer guidance for designing high-performance polymer nanocomposites.
  • The study elucidates factors affecting polymer chain distribution on nanoparticles.