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Updated: Feb 8, 2026
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Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks
Published on: September 5, 2014
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Sensitized photon upconversion in anthracene-based zirconium metal-organic frameworks
Jennifer M Rowe1, Jie Zhu, Erin M Soderstrom
1Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA. ajmorris@vt.edu.
Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|June 28, 2018
Summary
This study explores sensitized upconversion in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) using anthracene derivatives. Researchers achieved upconversion in a palladium-sensitized 9,10-MOF, demonstrating its potential for light manipulation.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Photochemistry
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer tunable structures for advanced applications.
- Upconversion processes convert lower-energy photons to higher-energy ones, crucial for various technologies.
- Sensitization enhances upconversion efficiency by facilitating energy transfer.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate sensitized upconversion in three zirconium-based MOFs.
- To evaluate the upconversion efficiency and characteristics of MOFs functionalized with Pd(ii) mesoporphyrin IX (PdMP).
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of three MOFs using anthracene dicarboxylate (ADC) derivatives and zirconium nodes: 9,10-ADC (9,10-MOF), 2,6-ADC (2,6-MOF), and 1,4-ADC (1,4-MOF).
- Incorporation of surface-bound Pd(ii) mesoporphyrin IX (PdMP) as a sensitizer.
- Selective excitation and measurement of delayed fluorescence and upconversion efficiency.
Main Results:
- Delayed fluorescence (τ = 370 ± 30 ns) was observed from anthracene in the 9,10-MOF upon selective excitation of surface-bound PdMP.
- The palladium-sensitized 9,10-MOF (Pd@9,10-MOF) exhibited an overall upconversion efficiency of 0.46 ± 0.05%.
- A threshold intensity of 104 ± 26 mW cm-2 was determined for the upconversion process.
Conclusions:
- Sensitized upconversion is feasible in MOFs constructed from ADC derivatives and zirconium nodes.
- The Pd@9,10-MOF demonstrates effective sensitized upconversion, highlighting the potential of these materials in photonics and optoelectronics.
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