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Related Concept Videos

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

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San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55...
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Thermal Strain01:19

Thermal Strain

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Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
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Thermal Expansion01:22

Thermal Expansion

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The expansion of alcohol in a thermometer is one of many commonly encountered examples of thermal expansion, which is the change in size or volume of a given system as its temperature changes. The most visible example is the expansion of hot air. When air is heated, it expands and becomes less dense than the surrounding air, which then exerts an upward force on the hot air to, for example, make steam and smoke rise, and hot air balloons float. The same behavior happens in all liquids and gases,...
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Thermal Stress01:09

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If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
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Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
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The cytoskeleton is a complex dynamic structure performing varied functions based on cellular requirements. The adaptability of the individual filaments in the cytoskeleton determines their ability to perform various functions within the cell. It can undergo rapid reorganization during processes like cell division or remain stable for several hours as in the interphase. The adaptability of these filaments depends on stringent regulatory mechanisms. The microfilament and microtubules of the...
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Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding
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Graphene-Based Adaptive Thermal Camouflage.

Omer Salihoglu1, Hasan Burkay Uzlu1, Ozan Yakar1

  • 1Department of Physics , Bilkent University , 06800 , Ankara Turkey.

Nano Letters
|June 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed active thermal surfaces for real-time electrical control of infrared thermal emission. This breakthrough enables adaptive thermal camouflage, hiding objects by matching their thermal signature to the background.

Keywords:
Graphene optoelectronicsIR opticselectrolyte gatingheat managementmultilayer graphenereconfigurable surfacethermal camouflagethermal emissionvariable emissivity

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Adaptive coloration is common in nature for concealment and signaling.
  • Mimicking adaptive coloration in artificial systems is inspired by biological mechanisms.
  • Controlling thermal radiation for camouflage (thermal camouflage) remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop active thermal surfaces for real-time electrical control of thermal emission.
  • To create an adaptive thermal camouflage system capable of blending with varying backgrounds.
  • To explore applications in adaptive IR optics and space heat management.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multilayer graphene with reversible ionic liquid intercalation for electro-modulation of IR emissivity.
  • Developed thin, lightweight, and ultraflexible active thermal surfaces (<50 μm, 30 g/m²).
  • Integrated active thermal surfaces with a feedback mechanism for adaptive camouflage.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated electrical control of thermal emission across the full IR spectrum without temperature change.
  • Achieved real-time reconfiguration of thermal appearance for camouflage in seconds.
  • Successfully disguised hot objects as cold and vice versa in thermal imaging.

Conclusions:

  • The developed active thermal surfaces offer a novel approach to thermal camouflage.
  • Electrical control of thermal radiation has broad implications for advanced technologies.
  • This technology could revolutionize adaptive IR optics and thermal management in space applications.