Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

5.6K
The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a...
5.6K
Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

6.6K
The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
6.6K
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

10.1K
The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
10.1K
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

7.4K
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
7.4K
Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways01:41

Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways

8.5K
Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
8.5K
Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway02:54

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

10.7K
The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which...
10.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Development of a Time-Resolved Fluorescence Immunoassay for BAFF and Its Preliminary Clinical Application in Patients with Lupus Nephritis.

Journal of fluorescence·2026
Same author

Effect of electroacupuncture on motor and sensory functions of lower limbs and GABA receptor in spinal cord of rats with neuropathic pain.

The journal of spinal cord medicine·2026
Same author

Risk prediction of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> strains across Correa's cascade via intelligent analysis of genome-wide SNPs.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Ultra-Stable 2D Magneto-Fluorescent Probe-Mediated Multiplex Immunochromatographic Assay for Precise Bedside Detection of Sepsis.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

SiO<sub>2</sub> shell-protected magnetic fluorescent tag for on-site ultrasensitive immunodetection of foodborne viruses.

Mikrochimica acta·2026
Same author

A CRISPR-Cas12a system integrated with metal-enhanced light-up aptamer-fluorophore nanoreporter for ultrasensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen.

Biosensors & bioelectronics·2026
Same journal

Crocin alleviates "short-term" Cadmium-induced brain and lung toxicities: investigation of key neuropeptides GLP-1 and spexin as biomarkers.

Metabolic brain disease·2026
Same journal

Electroacupuncture-modulated DHCR24 facilitates spinal cord injury recovery by attenuating apoptosis and neuroinflammation via the Wnt signaling pathway.

Metabolic brain disease·2026
Same journal

Supra-additive neuroprotective effects of berberine-metformin combination in diabetic encephalopathy: Chou-Talalay synergy quantification, AMPK-Nrf2 axis modulation, and pharmacokinetic verification.

Metabolic brain disease·2026
Same journal

The protective role of melatonin on the brain in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease.

Metabolic brain disease·2026
Same journal

Neuroprotective effects of 2-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,3-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in a rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease rat model: Modulation of oxidative stress, behavioral dysfunction, and iron accumulation.

Metabolic brain disease·2026
Same journal

Gestational deltamethrin exposure exacerbates post-traumatic epileptiform activity and social deficits, diminishing the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin in rats.

Metabolic brain disease·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats
07:57

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats

Published on: February 22, 2018

22.3K

Probiotics decrease depressive behaviors induced by constipation via activating the AKT signaling pathway.

Nana Xu1,2, Wenting Fan2, Xiaoyan Zhou1

  • 1Laboratory of Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, People's Republic of China.

Metabolic Brain Disease
|June 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multispecies probiotics alleviate constipation-induced depression in mice. This intervention protects gut-brain axis health by reducing neuronal apoptosis and activating the AKT signaling pathway, improving overall well-being.

Keywords:
AKTConstipationDepressionMicrobiota-gut-brain axisOxidative stressProbiotic

More Related Videos

Mechanism of Kemeng Fang's Inhibition of Podocyte Apoptosis in Rats with Membranous Nephropathy through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
07:15

Mechanism of Kemeng Fang's Inhibition of Podocyte Apoptosis in Rats with Membranous Nephropathy through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway

Published on: August 23, 2024

951
Burn Injury-Induced Pain and Depression-Like Behavior in Mice
07:08

Burn Injury-Induced Pain and Depression-Like Behavior in Mice

Published on: September 29, 2021

3.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats
07:57

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats

Published on: February 22, 2018

22.3K
Mechanism of Kemeng Fang's Inhibition of Podocyte Apoptosis in Rats with Membranous Nephropathy through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
07:15

Mechanism of Kemeng Fang's Inhibition of Podocyte Apoptosis in Rats with Membranous Nephropathy through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway

Published on: August 23, 2024

951
Burn Injury-Induced Pain and Depression-Like Behavior in Mice
07:08

Burn Injury-Induced Pain and Depression-Like Behavior in Mice

Published on: September 29, 2021

3.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Chronic constipation is frequently linked to emotional disorders like depression and anxiety.
  • The gut-brain axis plays a crucial role in mediating the relationship between gastrointestinal health and mental well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of a multispecies probiotic in mitigating depressive behaviors associated with constipation.
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of probiotic action on the gut-brain axis.

Main Methods:

  • A loperamide-induced constipation mouse model was utilized.
  • Mice were treated with a multispecies probiotic or saline for 14 days.
  • Depressive behaviors were assessed using the forced swimming and tail suspension tests.
  • Hippocampal neuronal survival, apoptosis markers (Bax, cleaved caspase-3), and AKT signaling pathway components (p-AKT, Bcl-2) were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Probiotic administration significantly ameliorated depressive behaviors in constipated mice.
  • Treatment reduced neuronal cell injury in the hippocampus and modulated oxidative stress markers (decreased MDA, increased SOD).
  • Probiotics inhibited neural apoptosis by upregulating p-AKT and Bcl-2, while downregulating Bax and cleaved caspase-3.

Conclusions:

  • Multispecies probiotics can alleviate depression induced by chronic constipation.
  • The therapeutic effect is mediated through the gut-brain axis by protecting neuronal health via AKT signaling pathway activation.
  • Probiotics offer a potential therapeutic strategy for managing comorbid depression in constipation patients.