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Age differences in the neural response to emotional distraction during working memory encoding.

Maryam Ziaei1,2, George Samrani3, Jonas Persson4

  • 1School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

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Older adults show impaired working memory (WM) when distracted by emotional information, especially positive stimuli. Brain activity differs significantly between age groups when processing emotional distractions.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Age-related cognitive decline affects attention and working memory (WM).
  • Emotional stimuli can disproportionately impair cognitive functions, particularly in older adults.
  • Understanding age-related differences in emotional distraction is crucial for cognitive health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in emotional distraction using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • To examine how emotional valence (positive vs. neutral) affects working memory performance across age groups.
  • To identify neural correlates of emotional distraction in younger and older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed.
  • Participants completed a working memory task with emotional and neutral distractors.
  • Behavioral performance and brain activity (BOLD signal) were recorded and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Older adults exhibited lower working memory performance with emotional compared to neutral distractors.
  • Older adults were more distracted by positive emotional stimuli, unlike younger adults.
  • Distinct patterns of brain activation were observed: younger adults showed posterior/striatal activation, while older adults showed frontal activation.
  • Significant age-by-valence interactions were found in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).

Conclusions:

  • Emotional distractors, particularly positive ones, disproportionately impair working memory in older adults.
  • Age-related differences in emotional distraction are associated with distinct neural activation patterns in frontal and posterior brain regions.
  • Findings provide insights into age-related changes in emotional processing and attentional control over distracting emotional information.