Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 8, 2026
08:35
Hyaluronic-Acid Based Hydrogels for 3-Dimensional Culture of Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Cells
Published on: August 24, 2018
13.6K
EFFECT OF 3-HYDROXYPYRIDINE AND SUCCINIC ACID DERIVATIVES ON BACTERIAL GROWTH IN DISCONTINUOUS CULTURES
Eksperimental'Naia I Klinicheskaia Farmakologiia
|June 28, 2018
Summary
Derivatives of 3-hydroxypyridine and succinic acid showed a biphasic effect on bacterial growth, initially decreasing colony-forming units (CFUs) then stimulating proliferation. These compounds enhance bacterial growth in discontinuous cultures (DCs).
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Derivatives of 3-hydroxypyridine and succinic acid are used in treating infectious pathologies.
- The direct effect of these compounds on bacterial growth has not been fully elucidated.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of emoxipine, reamberin, and mexidol on the proliferation of E. coli, S. aureus, and E. faecalis.
- To determine the dose-dependent effects of these drugs on bacterial colony-forming units (CFUs).
Main Methods:
- Discontinuous cultures (DCs) of E. coli, S. aureus, and E. faecalis were used.
- Bacterial proliferation was assessed by counting colony-forming units (CFUs) after 1-hour and 24-hour incubation periods with varying drug concentrations (10⁻⁹ -10⁻⁶ M).
Main Results:
- A biphasic effect on CFUs was observed for E. coli and E. faecalis: an initial decrease after 1 hour, followed by a significant increase after 24 hours.
- S. aureus showed a consistent increase in CFUs after both 1-hour and 24-hour incubations.
- All tested bacterial strains demonstrated stimulated growth in the presence of these drug derivatives, even at low concentrations.
Conclusions:
- Derivatives of 3-hydroxypyridine and succinic acid derivatives promote bacterial growth in discontinuous cultures.
- The therapeutic efficacy of these compounds in infectious diseases may not be directly related to their observed stimulatory effect on bacterial proliferation.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Bacterial Growth Curve
2.8K
The bacterial growth curve is a fundamental concept in microbiology that describes the dynamics of bacterial population growth in a closed system with controlled environmental conditions, such as temperature and nutrient availability. This curve is divided into four distinct phases: lag, log (exponential), stationary, and death phases, each reflecting a unique stage of bacterial adaptation and growth. During the lag phase, bacteria acclimate to their surroundings by synthesizing essential...
2.8K
02:36The Citric Acid Cycle
162.5K
The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle, consists of several energy-generating reactions that yield one ATP molecule, three NADH molecules, one FADH2 molecule, and two CO2 molecules.
162.5K
01:25Acidity and Basicity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
4.4K
Carboxylic acids are the strongest among organic acids, as they readily lose the hydroxyl proton to form a resonance-stabilized carboxylate ion. In comparison, the acid derivatives lack acidic hydrogens directly attached to a functional group. In these compounds, the acidic nature arises from their ability to lose α hydrogens, making them weakly acidic.
The relative acidic strength of the derivatives can be explained based on the extent of resonance stabilization of the conjugate base. The...
The relative acidic strength of the derivatives can be explained based on the extent of resonance stabilization of the conjugate base. The...
4.4K
01:28Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
3.8K
Structure of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...
3.8K
01:26Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
3.1K
Infrared spectroscopy is primarily used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups. In carboxylic acid derivatives, a typical carbonyl bond absorption is observed around 1650–1850 cm−1. For esters, the absorption is recorded at around 1740 cm−1, while acid halides show the absorption at about 1800 cm−1. Another acid derivative, the acid anhydrides, exhibit two carbonyl absorption around 1760 cm−1 and 1820 cm−1, arising from the symmetrical and...
3.1K
01:19Limits with Oscillating Discontinuities
479
An oscillating discontinuity is a type of discontinuity in which a function’s values fluctuate infinitely often as the input approaches a particular point. Unlike jump discontinuities, where the function suddenly shifts between two values, or infinite discontinuities, where the function diverges without bound, an oscillating discontinuity arises from rapid back-and-forth variation. Because the function never stabilizes toward a single value, no finite limit exists at that point.One of the...
479