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Enalapril in essential hypertension.

J Herrera-Acosta, H Pérez-Grovas, M Fernández

    Drugs
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, effectively lowers blood pressure similarly to propranolol but preserves renal function and does not affect triglyceride levels. Enalapril monotherapy normalized blood pressure in 44% of patients, with further benefits when combined with hydrochlorothiazide.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Nephrology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • The renin-angiotensin system is crucial for blood pressure regulation.
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are effective antihypertensive agents.
    • Enalapril is a potent, long-acting ACE inhibitor.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the antihypertensive effects of enalapril.
    • To compare enalapril with propranolol regarding blood pressure, renal function, and lipid profiles.
    • To assess the long-term efficacy and safety of enalapril and propranolol, and the effects of adding hydrochlorothiazide to enalapril.

    Main Methods:

    • 50 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension were divided into four groups.
    • Group I: Enalapril vs. propranolol (23 weeks).
    • Group II: Long-term effects of enalapril and propranolol (48 weeks).
    • Group III: Enalapril monotherapy (6-12 weeks).
    • Group IV: Enalapril with low-dose hydrochlorothiazide.

    Main Results:

    • Enalapril and propranolol showed similar blood pressure reduction.
    • Propranolol decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and increased triglycerides; enalapril did not affect GFR or triglycerides.
    • Enalapril monotherapy normalized blood pressure in 44% of patients; adding hydrochlorothiazide further reduced blood pressure.

    Conclusions:

    • Enalapril is an effective antihypertensive agent with a favorable profile regarding renal function and lipid metabolism compared to propranolol.
    • Enalapril monotherapy is effective in a significant proportion of patients with essential hypertension.
    • Combination therapy with low-dose hydrochlorothiazide enhances enalapril's antihypertensive effect.

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