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Active acoustic interference elicits echolocation changes in heterospecific bats.

Te K Jones1, Melville J Wohlgemuth2, William E Conner3

  • 1Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA tekjones9@gmail.com.

The Journal of Experimental Biology
|June 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bats use jamming avoidance responses to avoid acoustic interference from other bats. This study shows that echolocation changes in bats can help them better distinguish signals when facing interference from other species.

Keywords:
Eptesicus fuscusJARJamming avoidance responseTadarida brasiliensis

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Area of Science:

  • Animal behavior
  • Bioacoustics
  • Sensory ecology

Background:

  • Bats use echolocation for navigation and foraging, which can be disrupted by acoustic interference from conspecifics and heterospecifics.
  • The Brazilian free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) produces social signals that jam conspecific sonar, prompting a jamming avoidance response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate heterospecific jamming in bats and whether it elicits a jamming avoidance response.
  • To compare the effects of jamming signals on bat capture rates and echolocation parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Playback experiments using jamming signals from Brazilian free-tailed bats on big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus).
  • Comparison of capture rates of tethered moths and analysis of echolocation parameters under different jamming conditions.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in moth capture rates was observed with or without jamming signals.
  • Significant changes in spectral and temporal features of bat echolocation were detected in the presence of jamming signals.
  • These echolocation changes suggest an improved signal-to-noise ratio.

Conclusions:

  • Echolocation adjustments in bats help overcome acoustic interference from both conspecific and heterospecific bats.
  • The definition of jamming avoidance response is proposed to be expanded to include adaptations that improve echo separation from jamming stimuli.
  • Echolocation flexibility is crucial for interspecific and intraspecific interactions in acoustically complex environments.