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Sediment Microbial Communities Influenced by Cool Hydrothermal Fluid Migration.

Laura A Zinke1, Brandi Kiel Reese2, James McManus3,4

  • 1Marine and Environmental Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|June 29, 2018
PubMed
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Cool hydrothermal systems (CHSs) discharge significant fluid volumes. This study reveals CHS advection alters seafloor sediment microbial communities, primarily driven by nitrate concentrations.

Keywords:
Dorado Outcropcool hydrothermal systemsdeep seahydrothermal sedimentnitrogen

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Area of Science:

  • Marine microbiology
  • Geochemistry
  • Oceanography

Background:

  • Cool hydrothermal systems (CHSs) are widespread seafloor features with substantial fluid discharge.
  • The microbial ecology of CHSs, particularly those discharging low-temperature fluids, remains poorly understood.
  • Dorado Outcrop represents the first confirmed CHS, venting minimally altered, <15°C fluids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the microbial communities in sediments influenced by cool hydrothermal advection at Dorado Outcrop.
  • To identify key geochemical factors structuring these microbial communities.
  • To compare CHS microbial communities with those in surrounding seawater and seafloor basalts.

Main Methods:

  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to analyze sediment microbial community composition.
  • Geochemical parameters, including nitrate and oxygen concentrations, were measured.
  • Comparisons were made between microbial communities from hydrothermal sediments, basalts, and seawater.

Main Results:

  • Thaumarchaea, Proteobacteria, and Planctomycetes were the dominant phyla across all sediments.
  • Specific taxa, including Thaumarchaeota (Marine Group I) and Alphaproteobacteria, were enriched in CHS-influenced sediments.
  • Nitrate concentrations showed the strongest correlation with microbial community structure, indicating seepage influence.

Conclusions:

  • Cool hydrothermal venting significantly alters sedimentary oxidation-reduction pathways at seafloor outcrops.
  • Nitrate-rich fluid seepage is a primary driver structuring microbial communities in CHS-affected sediments.
  • Dorado Outcrop's microbial communities differ from warmer CHS but resemble other deep-sea nodule habitats.