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Occult Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Review
1Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology
|June 29, 2018
Summary
Occult hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (OCI) is found in patients without detectable serum HCV RNA. This review explores OCI
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Occult hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (OCI) is characterized by HCV RNA presence in hepatocytes or PBMCs, but not serum.
- OCI was first described in 2004 and is increasingly recognized in various patient populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current literature on the epidemiology, diagnostics, clinical implications, and management of OCI.
- To identify future research directions for understanding OCI.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of PubMed and Cochrane databases.
- Keywords used: "occult", "hepatitis C virus", and "occult HCV infection".
Main Results:
- OCI is implicated in cryptogenic liver disease and exists in specific populations (dialysis, HIV+, HBV+) and the general population.
- Liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis, but PBMC analysis offers a safer alternative.
- OCI is associated with liver fibrosis and disease progression.
Conclusions:
- Further research is needed to determine OCI patient infectivity, natural history, and clinical significance.
- Studies are required to assess the impact of OCI treatment on morbidity and mortality.
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