Photoonycholysis: new findings.

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Toxicology
• Photobiology

Background:

• Photoonycholysis (PO) is a rare nail disorder first identified in 1961.
• It can be triggered by drug intake, topical aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy, or photosensitive conditions like porphyria and pseudoporphyria.
• Spontaneous cases of PO are exceptionally uncommon.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an updated review of the diverse causes of photoonycholysis.
• To highlight novel factors contributing to the development of PO.
• To categorize PO into distinct types and discuss practical management aspects.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of scientific articles and case reports on photoonycholysis.
• Analysis of drug-induced and condition-associated cases of PO.
• Categorization of PO based on clinical presentation and etiology.

Main Results:

• Four distinct types of photoonycholysis have been identified, independent of the causative agent.
• An updated comprehensive list of drugs known to induce PO is presented.
• New potential triggers for photoonycholysis have been identified.

Conclusions:

• Photoonycholysis presents with varied etiologies, including drug reactions, photodynamic therapy, and specific medical conditions.
• Despite advancements, the experimental reproduction of PO remains a challenge, indicating that its pathogenesis requires further elucidation.
• Understanding the diverse causes and types of PO is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.