Characteristics Influencing Diversity of Participation of Children in Activities Outside School
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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

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Published on: August 22, 2012
Nora Shields1, Brooke Adair2, Peter Wilson3
1Nora Shields, PhD, is Professor of Clinical and Community Practice, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and Northern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; n.shields@latrobe.edu.au.
Objective:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine which personal and environmental characteristics influenced diversity of participation in activities outside school for typically developing children and adolescents.
Method:
Four hundred twenty-two (215 boys) typically developing Australian children (mean = 11.0 yr) completed the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) and the Preferences for Activity of Children to describe their participation on five activity types: Recreational, Active Physical, Social, Self-Improvement, and Skill-Based. Linear regression analyses were conducted.
Results:
Predictors of participation diversity were age and preference for Recreational (aR² = .44); preference for Active Physical (aR²= .19); gender, school type, and preference for Social (aR² = .19); preference for Skill-Based (aR² = .25); and gender, school style, socioeconomic score, and preference for Self-Improvement (aR² = .24).
Conclusion:
Preference plays a key role in determining the diversity of participation in activities outside school.
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