Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pharmaceutical Equivalents01:26

Pharmaceutical Equivalents

205
As defined by regulatory standards, pharmaceutical equivalents require generic drug products to have identical dosage forms and chemically identical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). They must adhere to compendial or applicable standards for potency, content uniformity, disintegration times, and dissolution rates. In the case of modified-release dosage forms, variations in drug content are permissible as long as the delivered amount remains consistent with the innovator drug product.
205
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

17.2K
Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
17.2K
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

5.1K
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
5.1K
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

30.9K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
30.9K
Development of Analytical Methods01:21

Development of Analytical Methods

2.3K
An analytical methodology can be divided into four sequential steps: technique, method, procedure, and protocol. A technique is a scientific principle that rationalizes a specific phenomenon through chemical measurements. Adapting a technique for analyzing a sample of interest is termed a method. The procedure outlines the directions for performing the analysis via an analytical method. The protocol is the detailed guidelines on the procedure, which should be strictly followed to obtain the...
2.3K
Analyte Adsorption and Distribution01:09

Analyte Adsorption and Distribution

2.8K
In certain chromatographic separations, solutes transfer between the mobile phase and the stationary phase via sorption, which typically refers to the process of adsorption. For many chromatographic systems, the sorption process often depends on the polarity of the compounds—an expression of the overall dipole moment within the molecule. During the separation process, there is competition between the solute and solvent for adsorption to the stationary phase. Highly polar compounds and...
2.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Assessing the Alignment of Long-Term Care Insurance Benefits and Service Provision: Evidence from Shandong, China and Implications for Implementation Risk.

Risk management and healthcare policy·2026
Same author

Effects of thoracic manipulation with trigger point therapy on inflammatory cytokine levels in individuals with multiple sclerosis: a pilot study.

Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences·2026
Same author

Administrative burden and job burnout: the mediating role of perceived formalism among primary healthcare providers in China.

Journal of health organization and management·2026
Same author

Neighborhood opportunities and pediatric health care utilization: implications for Medicaid managed care.

The American journal of managed care·2026
Same author

Associations Between Longitudinal Changes in Frailty and Incident Arthritis: A Multi-Cohort Study.

Risk management and healthcare policy·2026
Same author

HIV and HCV Screening, and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Among Managed Care Beneficiaries with Substance Use Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Single State.

Risk management and healthcare policy·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Failure of Cleaning Verification in Pharmaceutical Industry Due to Uncleanliness of Stainless Steel Surface
07:00

Failure of Cleaning Verification in Pharmaceutical Industry Due to Uncleanliness of Stainless Steel Surface

Published on: August 11, 2017

8.7K

Process Analytical Technology for Crystallization of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients.

Chandrakant R Malwade1, Haiyan Qu1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|June 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tools enhance Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) crystallization by improving process understanding and control. This leads to robust manufacturing processes and consistent drug product quality.

Keywords:
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs)Quality by designcrystallizationpharmaceuticalspolymorphismprocess analytical technology.

More Related Videos

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
11:27

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

Published on: August 9, 2022

2.5K
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering CARS Microscopy Visualizes Pharmaceutical Tablets During Dissolution
09:59

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering CARS Microscopy Visualizes Pharmaceutical Tablets During Dissolution

Published on: July 4, 2014

18.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Failure of Cleaning Verification in Pharmaceutical Industry Due to Uncleanliness of Stainless Steel Surface
07:00

Failure of Cleaning Verification in Pharmaceutical Industry Due to Uncleanliness of Stainless Steel Surface

Published on: August 11, 2017

8.7K
A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
11:27

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

Published on: August 9, 2022

2.5K
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering CARS Microscopy Visualizes Pharmaceutical Tablets During Dissolution
09:59

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering CARS Microscopy Visualizes Pharmaceutical Tablets During Dissolution

Published on: July 4, 2014

18.6K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Process Control

Background:

  • The pharmaceutical industry requires innovative and efficient Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) manufacturing processes to remain competitive and meet regulatory standards.
  • Crystallization is a critical step in API manufacturing, influencing purity, polymorphic form, particle size, and shape.
  • Understanding crystallization process parameters and their impact on API quality is crucial for drug product development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tools within the Quality by Design (QbD) framework for API crystallization.
  • To highlight how PAT facilitates better understanding, control, and design of API crystallization processes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of drug development steps, emphasizing crystallization's role.
  • Discussion of Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) and API material attributes influenced by crystallization.
  • Examination of PAT tools, including advanced process analyzers, chemometric methods, and control strategies for API crystallization.

Main Results:

  • PAT enables continuous monitoring and multivariate data analysis of crystallization processes.
  • Implementation of PAT tools aids in developing robust crystallization processes within a defined design space.
  • PAT facilitates the generation of a knowledge base for continuous process improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Application of PAT in API crystallization leads to the development of robust processes ensuring consistent drug product quality.
  • PAT supports the production of drug products that consistently meet quality standards by operating within the design space.
  • PAT fosters continuous process improvement by building a knowledge base from existing processes.