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Drowning in epilepsy: A population-based case series.

Eva Bain1, Anne E Keller1, Ho Jordan1

  • 1The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurology, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.

Epilepsy Research
|June 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

People with epilepsy drown at nearly ten times the rate of the general population, often in bathtubs. Counseling on drowning risks, including bathtub safety and medication adherence, is crucial for individuals with epilepsy.

Keywords:
DrowningEpilepsyMortalitySeizures

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Neurology
  • Forensic Pathology

Background:

  • Epilepsy is associated with a significantly higher drowning risk compared to the general population.
  • Limited data exists on the specific circumstances of drowning deaths among individuals with epilepsy.
  • This study addresses the knowledge gap regarding drowning incidents in people with epilepsy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the demographics, epilepsy-related factors, and circumstances surrounding drowning deaths in people with epilepsy.
  • To determine the incidence of drowning in people with epilepsy in Ontario.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for drowning prevention in this vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based case series design was employed.
  • Postmortem data from coroner-ordered autopsies in Ontario (2014-2016) were analyzed.
  • Data extraction included demographics, epilepsy characteristics, and drowning circumstances; incidence was calculated using population estimates.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-five drowning deaths occurred in people with epilepsy over the study period, with an incidence of 1.5 per 10,000 epilepsy person-years.
  • Decedents were predominantly young, without significant disabilities, and one-third had psychiatric comorbidities.
  • Unwitnessed bathtub drownings accounted for 44% of deaths, with rare association with alcohol or illicit drugs.

Conclusions:

  • People with epilepsy drown at a rate approximately ten times higher than the general population.
  • Bathtub submersion is a common and high-risk scenario for drowning in individuals with epilepsy.
  • Counseling on drowning risks, AED adherence, and supervision is essential for all individuals with epilepsy, irrespective of seizure control.