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The self over time.

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People struggle with intertemporal decision-making because they view their future selves as strangers. Strengthening the connection to our future selves and reducing the perceived pain of present sacrifices can improve long-term choices.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Individuals frequently exhibit suboptimal intertemporal decision-making, failing to maximize long-term well-being.
  • Research suggests psychological distance from one's future self contributes to these poor decisions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review research on the psychological relationship between current and future selves.
  • To explore how construing the future self as an "other" impacts decision-making.
  • To identify potential intervention strategies for improving intertemporal choices.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies examining the self-future self relationship.
  • Analysis of research linking feelings toward the future self to decision-making outcomes.
  • Synthesis of findings to propose intervention targets.

Main Results:

  • The future self is often perceived as a separate entity, akin to a stranger.
  • Emotional distance from the future self significantly influences judgments and choices.
  • Interventions can focus on enhancing the perceived connection to the future self.

Conclusions:

  • Strengthening the psychological bond with one's future self can foster better long-term decision-making.
  • Reducing the perceived cost of current sacrifices is crucial for improving intertemporal choices.
  • Future research should explore novel methods for bridging the gap between present and future selves.