Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Trigonometric Identities II01:28

Trigonometric Identities II

425
Double-angle and half-angle trigonometric identities are derived from the fundamental sum and difference formulas and serve as essential tools for simplifying expressions, solving equations, and evaluating integrals. These identities reduce the complexity of trigonometric functions by relating functions of a multiple or fractional angle to functions of a single angle. Their applications extend across mathematics, physics, and engineering, particularly in Fourier analysis, wave mechanics, and...
425
Personal Identity01:25

Personal Identity

457
Personal identity is the deeply felt sense of self that individuals cultivate over time, intricately woven from intrinsic qualities they consider essential to their existence—qualities such as morality, intelligence, and friendliness. These attributes serve as vital internal benchmarks, guiding individuals in evaluating whether their actions resonate with their true selves.When personal identity takes center stage in one's life, individuals often emphasize their distinctiveness,...
457
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

16.2K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
16.2K
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

14.9K
Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
14.9K
Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

33.9K
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
33.9K
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

2.2K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
2.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Characterization and Bioactivity of Nanovesicles Recovered From Industrial Cheesemaking Whey Wastewater.

Journal of food science·2026
Same author

Extracellular Vesicles from <i>Capparis spinosa</i> Modulate Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Huh7 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Harnessing the anti-inflammatory, skin-protective, and antioxidant potential of <i>Epilobium dodonaei</i> extracts using <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in silico</i> approaches.

RSC advances·2026
Same author

Filamentous Fungi and the Biodeterioration of Organic Cultural Heritage Materials: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms, Risks, and Preventive Conservation Strategies.

Microorganisms·2026
Same author

Lipidomic and metabolomic analysis of human erythrocytes during storage for transfusion applications.

Blood transfusion = Trasfusione del sangue·2026
Same author

Functional lipid analysis via index-based lipidomics profile: a new computational module in LipidOne.

Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry
08:45

Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 21, 2022

2.8K

Above the Epitranscriptome: RNA Modifications and Stem Cell Identity.

Francesco Morena1, Chiara Argentati2, Martina Bazzucchi3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy. effemorena@gmail.com.

Genes
|July 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary

RNA modifications, also known as the epitranscriptome, dynamically alter RNA function. This review highlights five key marks and their crucial roles in various stem cell types, from development to disease.

Keywords:
5-methylcytosineN1-methyladenosineN6-methyladenosinebioinformatics predictive toolscancer stem cellsepigeneticserasers proteinsmitochondrial ribosomal RNAmitochondrial transfer RNAnaïve and primed stem cellsreadersstem cells self-renewal and differentiationwriters

More Related Videos

Exploring m6A and m5C Epitranscriptomes upon Viral Infection: an Example with HIV
14:40

Exploring m6A and m5C Epitranscriptomes upon Viral Infection: an Example with HIV

Published on: March 5, 2022

3.8K
Preparation and Gene Modification of Nonhuman Primate Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells
11:16

Preparation and Gene Modification of Nonhuman Primate Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

Published on: February 15, 2019

8.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry
08:45

Characterizing RNA Modifications in Single Neurons Using Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 21, 2022

2.8K
Exploring m6A and m5C Epitranscriptomes upon Viral Infection: an Example with HIV
14:40

Exploring m6A and m5C Epitranscriptomes upon Viral Infection: an Example with HIV

Published on: March 5, 2022

3.8K
Preparation and Gene Modification of Nonhuman Primate Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells
11:16

Preparation and Gene Modification of Nonhuman Primate Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

Published on: February 15, 2019

8.1K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • RNA molecules undergo dynamic chemical modifications post-transcriptionally, expanding transcriptome diversity.
  • These RNA modifications influence RNA structure, metabolism, and function, impacting biological and pathological processes.
  • The epitranscriptome, encompassing RNA modifications, is increasingly studied for its roles in cell proliferation, survival, and specialized activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the function and distribution of five key epitranscriptomic marks in coding and noncoding RNAs.
  • To emphasize the role of epitranscriptomic mechanisms in the biology of various stem cell types.
  • To provide insights into the current understanding of RNA modifications in stem cell self-renewal, commitment, and differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of sequence databases and transcriptome-wide mapping studies.
  • Analysis of existing evidence on the role of specific RNA modifications in stem cell biology.
  • Focus on five epitranscriptomic marks: N6-methyladenosine, N1-methyladenosine, 5-methylcytosine, Pseudouridine (Ψ), and Adenosine-to-Inosine editing.

Main Results:

  • Five epitranscriptomic marks (m6A, m1A, m5C, Ψ, A-to-I editing) significantly impact RNA biology.
  • These modifications are found in both coding and noncoding RNAs, influencing their structure and function.
  • Emerging evidence links epitranscriptomic mechanisms to critical stem cell processes like self-renewal and differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Epitranscriptomic mechanisms play a vital role in the biology of naïve, primed, embryonic, adult, and cancer stem cells.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex roles of RNA modifications in stem cell fate and function.
  • Understanding the epitranscriptome offers potential therapeutic targets in stem cell-related diseases and regenerative medicine.