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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

157.1K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
157.1K
Translation01:31

Translation

17.9K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
17.9K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.1K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
39.1K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

8.1K
8.1K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.8K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.8K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

6.8K
6.8K

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Related Experiment Video

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Working with Human Tissues for Translational Cancer Research
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Translational Control in Cancer.

Nathaniel Robichaud1, Nahum Sonenberg1, Davide Ruggero2

  • 1Goodman Cancer Research Centre and Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|July 1, 2018
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Summary

Cancer cells hijack messenger RNA (mRNA) translation to promote growth and spread. Understanding and targeting these translational control mechanisms offers new cancer therapy strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Gene Expression Regulation

Background:

  • Protein synthesis via messenger RNA (mRNA) translation is crucial for gene expression regulation.
  • Aberrant mRNA translation plays a significant role in oncogenesis and cancer progression.
  • Numerous cancer-promoting factors, including cyclins and metabolic regulators, are translationally controlled.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse mechanisms cancer cells employ to deregulate mRNA translation.
  • To elucidate the oncogenic impacts of reprogrammed translation in cancer.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting translational control in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on mRNA translation in cancer.
  • Analysis of oncogenic factors regulated at the translational level.
  • Synthesis of information on therapeutic strategies targeting translation.

Main Results:

  • Cancer cells exhibit complex deregulation and reprogramming of mRNA translation.
  • Translationally controlled factors significantly contribute to cancer hallmarks like proliferation, survival, and metastasis.
  • Targeting specific translational pathways presents a promising avenue for novel cancer therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Translational control is a critical layer of gene regulation exploited by cancer cells.
  • Understanding the nuances of cancer-specific translation is essential for developing effective therapies.
  • Targeting mRNA translation offers a versatile strategy for combating various cancers.