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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

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Published on: February 13, 2018
Observations of wind-generated noise by the tropical cyclone
Fenghua Li1, Dong Xu1, Jingyan Wang1
1State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
Abstract:
An analysis of the measured ocean noise during the tropical cyclone period is presented. While the observed noise is highly correlated with wind, this study reveals the dispersion of noise spectra. A wind-driven noise model within the framework of the bubble oscillation is developed. The noise spectrum for frequencies from hundreds of hertz to kilohertz due to the effective bubble oscillation within the bubble cloud is assumed instead of the collective bubble oscillation. The proposed model addresses the arbitrarily-shaped bubble clouds in a stratified ocean and the relation between the wind speed and the noise level, and these aspects develop from the existing models in the literature. The wind-driven ocean noise spectrum is estimated as a function of frequency and wind speed based on available information of the bubble creation rate. The comparison shows that the proposed model with optimized oceanographic parameters could fit the noise spectra of data for the frequencies from about 0.5 to 4 kHz, which indicates that the modified model based on the bubble oscillations within the bubble clouds could account for the mechanism of wind-generated noise data.
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