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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Preparation of Graphene-Supported Microwell Liquid Cells for In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
Published on: July 15, 2019
Instrumentation for in situ flow electrochemical Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy (STXM)
Vinod Prabu1, Martin Obst2, Hooman Hosseinkhannazer3
1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4M1, Canada.
Abstract:
We report the design and performance of a 3-electrode device for real time in situ scanning transmission X-ray microscopy studies of electrochemical processes under both static (sealed, non-flow) conditions and with a continuous flow of electrolytes. The device was made using a combination of silicon microfabrication and 3D printing technologies. The performance is illustrated by results of a study of copper deposition and stripping at a gold working electrode. X-ray absorption spectromicroscopy at the Cu 2p edge was used to follow the evolution as a function of potential and time of the spatial distributions of Cu(0) and Cu(i) species electro-deposited from an aqueous solution of copper sulphate. The results are interpreted in terms of competing mechanisms for the reduction of Cu(ii).
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