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Related Concept Videos

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Ampère's law, in its usual form, does not work in places where the current changes with time and is not steady. Thus, Maxwell suggested including an additional contribution, called the displacement current, Id, to the real conduction current I.
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Two-dimensional displacement measurement based on two parallel gratings.

Peipei Wei1, Xi Lu1, Decheng Qiao1

  • 1Institute of Ultra-Precision Optoelectronic Instrument Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.

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|July 2, 2018
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel two-dimensional (2-D) planar encoder uses a unique scanning grating design for simultaneous, uncoupled displacement measurement. This compact optical encoder offers a valid solution for precise 2-D motion tracking.

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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Metrology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Traditional encoders often face limitations in measuring two-dimensional displacement simultaneously and with uncoupled signals.
  • Existing designs may require bulky components like prisms for phase modulation, increasing overall size.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel two-dimensional (2-D) planar encoder utilizing parallel gratings.
  • To demonstrate simultaneous and uncoupled measurement of 2-D displacement.
  • To achieve a compact encoder structure through innovative grating design.

Main Methods:

  • A scanning grating composed of a central 2-D grating and two perpendicular 1-D gratings was designed.
  • A 2-D reflective-type scale grating with a 45° angular difference was employed.
  • The scanning grating was utilized for phase modulation, replacing conventional prisms.

Main Results:

  • The developed encoder successfully measures 2-D displacement in the grating plane.
  • Experimental results confirmed that interference signals in orthogonal directions are uncoupled.
  • The encoder's compact structure was validated through experimental implementation.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed 2-D planar grating encoder effectively achieves simultaneous and uncoupled measurement of displacement.
  • The innovative use of a scanning grating for phase modulation leads to a more compact device.
  • Experimental validation confirms the encoder's viability for precise 2-D metrology applications.