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Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes

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Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
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Consider an angioplasty system featuring a catheter equipped with a turbine, a critical tool for removing plaque deposits from coronary arteries. This intricate medical device operates using a circuit model reminiscent of a dual-node RLC circuit powered by a current-controlled voltage source.
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Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport01:16

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Lymphatic vessels, known as lymphatics, are crucial in transporting lymph from peripheral tissues to our venous system. This process begins with lymph entering through tiny capillaries that branch through tissues. These capillaries have unique features such as larger diameters, thinner walls, and a distinctive one-way valve system formed by overlapping endothelial cells.
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Blood and lymph are fluid connective tissues. They contain cells, also known as formed elements, circulating in a liquid extracellular matrix, the plasma. The formed elements are derived from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. Blood and lymph connect all vital parts and carry nutrients, oxygen, and other essential molecules like antibodies.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Generation of Lymph Node-fat Pad Chimeras for the Study of Lymph Node Stromal Cell Origin
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Multivalent Mannose-Decorated NIR Nanoprobes for Targeting Pan Lymph Nodes.

Hideyuki Wada1,2, Hoon Hyun3, Kai Bao1

  • 1Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

Chemical Engineering Journal (Lausanne, Switzerland : 1996)
|July 3, 2018
PubMed
Summary

New near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanoprobes target macrophages in lymph nodes for improved cancer staging. This technology enhances intraoperative pan lymph node (PLN) mapping, aiding surgeons in precise and safe lymphadenectomy.

Keywords:
Near-infrared fluorescencelymph node targetingoptical imagingsignal-to-background ratiotargeted fluorophore

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Lymphadenectomy is crucial for cancer staging and metastasis resection.
  • Unclear surgical margins during lymphadenectomy can lead to postoperative complications like edema and bleeding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanoprobes for intraoperative lymph node mapping.
  • To enhance the precision and safety of lymphadenectomy by visualizing all regional lymph nodes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of NIR fluorescent nanoprobes conjugated with mannose moieties to target lymph node macrophages.
  • In vivo evaluation of nanoprobes for pan lymph node (PLN) mapping using NIR fluorescence imaging.
  • Assessment of probe uptake, specificity, and background signals in major organs.

Main Results:

  • Mannose-conjugated nanoprobes demonstrated specific uptake in lymph nodes within 4 hours.
  • Polyrotaxanes with multiple mannose moieties efficiently highlighted PLN with minimal background signals.
  • The NIR nanoprobes enabled real-time optical imaging for intraoperative PLN mapping.

Conclusions:

  • NIR fluorescent nanoprobes offer a promising tool for intraoperative PLN mapping.
  • This technology can improve the ease and safety of lymphadenectomy by ensuring complete regional lymph node identification.
  • Targeting macrophages with mannose-conjugated nanoprobes facilitates precise cancer staging and metastasis resection.