GLUCOCORTICOID EXCESS IN BONE AND MUSCLE

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Bone Biology
• Muscle Physiology

Background:

• Glucocorticoids (GC) are vital hormones with potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.
• GC are widely used therapeutically but cause significant adverse effects, particularly on the musculoskeletal system.
• Excess GC leads to bone loss, microarchitectural deterioration, and muscle atrophy, increasing fracture and fall incidence.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advances in understanding GC mechanisms in bone and muscle.
• To summarize strategies aimed at counteracting GC-induced musculoskeletal damage.
• To inform the development of improved therapeutic interventions.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies published in the last two decades.
• Analysis of research on GC's molecular and cellular effects on bone and muscle.
• Evaluation of therapeutic approaches targeting GC-induced toxicity.

Main Results:

• GC disrupt bone remodeling by increasing resorption and decreasing formation.
• GC induce muscle catabolism, leading to sarcopenia and reduced strength.
• Combined bone and muscle effects significantly elevate fracture risk.

Conclusions:

• Understanding GC's detrimental effects on bone and muscle is crucial.
• Targeting GC pathways offers potential for preventing or treating GC-induced musculoskeletal complications.
• Further research is needed to develop effective therapeutic strategies.