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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate01:20

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate

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Assessment of Ventilation
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
Critical Guidelines for Assessing Ventilation:
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Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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First Pass Effect01:12

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Presystemic elimination, or the first-pass effect, is the metabolism of drugs that reduces their effective concentration at the site of action. Apart from the first-pass effect, the systemic bioavailability of the drug is also reduced by other factors, including incomplete absorption or chemical degradation of drugs.
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In patients with renal disease, dosage adjustments are necessary to maintain therapeutic plasma drug concentrations and prevent toxicity or subtherapeutic exposure. Renal impairment alters drug pharmacokinetics, especially in conditions like uremia, where changes such as prolonged elimination half-life and altered apparent volume of distribution can significantly affect drug disposition. These changes require careful modification of the dosing regimen to achieve the desired clinical...
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Strategies of Self-Presentation II: Self-Verification01:17

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Self-verification is a fundamental psychological drive wherein individuals seek affirmation of their self-concept from others, striving for consistency between their internal self-view and external perceptions. This drive operates even when the self-concept is negative, influencing interpersonal behavior and feedback preferences in complex and often counterintuitive ways. Unlike the self-enhancement motive, which seeks positive evaluations, self-verification prioritizes coherence and...
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Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins01:25

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Integral membrane proteins are tightly associated with the cell membrane and play a crucial role in cell communication, signaling, adhesion, and transport of the molecules. Some integral membrane proteins are present only in the membrane monolayer. For example, the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase is present in the cytoplasmic side of the membrane monolayer. In contrast, another type of integral membrane protein, also known as a transmembrane protein, spans across the membrane. Transmembrane...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Management of Respiratory Motion Artefacts in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography using an Amplitude-Based Optimal Respiratory Gating Algorithm
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IMRT dose verification considering passing rate and respiratory motion.

Kai Xie1, Hongfei Sun1, Tao Lin1

  • 1Radiotherapy Department, Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China.

Oncology Letters
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Summary

Respiratory amplitude significantly impacts radiation therapy accuracy. Controlling this movement is crucial for effective lung cancer treatment planning and delivery.

Keywords:
intensity-modulated radiation therapylung tumorpassing raterespiratory cyclerespiratory motion

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Radiotherapy Planning

Background:

  • Dynamic intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) planning requires precise dose delivery.
  • Respiratory motion can significantly affect treatment accuracy in lung cancer patients.
  • Understanding the relationship between respiratory parameters and treatment accuracy is vital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between respiratory amplitude and period with the gamma analysis passing rate in dynamic IMRT for lung tumors.
  • To evaluate how different tumor volumes influence this association.
  • To provide data for optimizing respiratory motion management in radiotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • 30 lung cancer patients were grouped by tumor volume (V).
  • Simulated respiratory amplitudes (A) and periods (T) were analyzed.
  • Gamma analysis passing rates were calculated under varying A, T, and V conditions.

Main Results:

  • Increased respiratory amplitude (A) led to a decreased gamma analysis passing rate.
  • Smaller tumor volumes showed a more pronounced decrease in passing rate with increased A.
  • No statistically significant association was found between the respiratory cycle (T) and the passing rate.

Conclusions:

  • Respiratory amplitude (A) is a critical factor affecting dynamic IMRT accuracy.
  • Controlling respiratory amplitude is recommended for clinical radiotherapy.
  • Further research may explore advanced motion mitigation techniques.