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Nanoliter-Scale Electromembrane Extraction and Enrichment in a Microfluidic Chip
Frederik A Hansen1, Drago Sticker1, Jörg P Kutter1
1Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark.
Analytical Chemistry
|July 3, 2018
Summary
Nanoliter-scale electromembrane extraction (EME) in microfluidic devices offers high enrichment from small samples. This method provides reliable data for applications like organ-on-a-chip systems and point-of-care diagnostics.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Microfluidics
- Separation Science
Background:
- Traditional extraction methods often require large sample volumes and can be time-consuming.
- Microfluidic devices offer miniaturization and precise control for analytical processes.
- Electromembrane extraction (EME) is a technique used for sample preparation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report the first instance of nanoliter-scale electromembrane extraction (EME) within a microfluidic device.
- To evaluate the efficiency of this technique for extracting basic drug substances from biological samples.
- To assess the feasibility of mass production for the developed microfluidic chips.
Main Methods:
- Nanoliter-scale EME was performed in a microfluidic chip using a supported liquid membrane (SLM).
- Six basic drug substances were extracted from human whole blood, plasma, or urine samples.
- A direct current (DC) potential was applied to drive the extraction process, with the cathode in the acceptor solution.
Main Results:
- High enrichment factors (approximately 400-fold) were achieved after 60 minutes due to the large sample-to-acceptor volume ratio.
- Soft extraction with low recovery (<1%) was observed, indicating minimal sample disruption.
- Substantial sample cleanup was obtained due to the SLM and electrical field direction.
- Chip-to-chip variability in extraction recovery was within 23% RSD, often below 10%.
Conclusions:
- Nanoliter-scale EME in microfluidic devices is highly feasible and provides reliable analytical data.
- This technique is suitable for applications requiring high enrichment from limited sample volumes, such as organ-on-a-chip systems and point-of-care diagnostics.
- The use of thiol-ene polymers and soft-lithography fabrication suggests potential for future mass production.
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