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Updated: Feb 8, 2026
08:14
Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure
Published on: August 23, 2017
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[Ammonia Oxidation with Potential Electron Acceptor in ANAMMOX Sludge]
Xiang Li1,2, Xing Lin1,2, Fan Wang1,2
1School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue= Huanjing Kexue
|July 3, 2018
Summary
Anammox sludge efficiently oxidizes ammonium using nitrite as the primary electron acceptor. Other acceptors like nitrate, sulfate, and iron are utilized sequentially, with excess ammonia oxidation confirmed.
Area of Science:
- Environmental microbiology
- Biogeochemical cycles
- Wastewater treatment
Background:
- Anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) is crucial for nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment.
- Understanding electron acceptor preferences in Anammox sludge is vital for process optimization.
- Potential electron acceptors include nitrite, nitrate, sulfate, and ferric iron.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the oxidation of ammonium by various electron acceptors in Anammox sludge.
- To determine the preferred order of electron acceptor utilization by Anammox bacteria.
- To confirm the occurrence of excess ammonium oxidation in Anammox sludge.
Main Methods:
- Inoculation of nitrite-dependent Anammox sludge.
- Incubation with different potential electron acceptors (nitrite, nitrate, Fe3+, SO42-).
- Monitoring of ammonium oxidation and microbial activity.
Main Results:
- Nitrite was the most effective electron acceptor, leading to rapid ammonium oxidation.
- Nitrate was utilized after nitrite depletion, with organic matter acting as an electron donor.
- Sulfate and ferric iron showed limited conversion at the later stages of ammonium oxidation.
- Excess ammonium oxidation was observed, suggesting its presence in Anammox sludge.
- Aerobic ammonia and nitrite oxidizing bacteria transiently grew, possibly due to H2O2 production.
Conclusions:
- Anammox sludge preferentially utilizes nitrite, followed by nitrate, then sulfate and ferric iron.
- The study confirms the occurrence of excess ammonium oxidation in Anammox systems.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the role of Fe3+ and SO42- in Anammox processes.
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