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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

A Method for Evaluating Timeliness and Accuracy of Volitional Motor Responses to Vibrotactile Stimuli
Published on: August 2, 2016
Response Time to a Vibrotactile Stimulus Presented on the Foot at Rest and During Walking on Different Surfaces
Landry Delphin Chapwouo Tchakouté1, Louis Tremblay2, Bob-Antoine J Menelas3
1Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of Quebec at Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 2B1, Canada. landry.chapwouo1@uqac.ca.
Abstract:
This study investigates the simple reaction time (SRT) and response time (RT) to a vibrotactile stimulus presented on two body locations at the lower extremity of the foot on different types of surface during walking. We determined RTs while walking on Concrete, Foam, Sand, and gravel surface. Also, for RT, we evaluated two vibrotactile stimulus (VS) locations on the lower extremity: the ankle (AL) and under the foot plantar (FP). A total of 21 young adult participants (n = 21), aged mean 24 ± 2.9 years, took part in a two-session experiment with two main conditions (at rest and while walking on four types of surface). The control session included 2016 repeated measures, with one-way and two-way ANOVA analyses. The findings have consistently revealed slowness of RT to VS, in particular on sand and gravel surface. In addition, we found that body location has a significant effect on RT in certain surfaces. These results showed that RTs increased with environment changes during the performance of dual tasks.
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