Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neurons: The Cell Body and the Dendrites01:23

Neurons: The Cell Body and the Dendrites

7.2K
A typical nerve cell comprises three main components: the cell body, dendrites, and the axon. The cell body, also known as the soma or perikaryon, serves as the central biosynthetic hub housing a nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm containing organelles commonly found in most cells. Notably, Nissl bodies, clusters of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes responsible for protein synthesis, are distinctive features of the neuronal cell body. As neurons age, aggregates of a brown pigment...
7.2K
iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

3.1K
The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
3.1K
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

16.8K
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
16.8K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

2.5K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
2.5K
Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells01:15

Differentiation of Common Myeloid Progenitor Cells

4.0K
Common myeloid progenitors (CMPs) are oligopotent cells that can differentiate into granulocytes and macrophages. Granulocytes and macrophages are essential for protecting the body against bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. They migrate from the bone marrow into the circulating blood to reach specific tissue sites where they differentiate and help in immune surveillance. However, they survive only for a few days and must be continuously made available to the organism to maintain a robust...
4.0K
Functional Groups02:45

Functional Groups

89.0K
Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, the presence of certain functional groups on a molecule will make them hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each...
89.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

IL-22 from enteroendocrine cells promotes early-life gut motility in zebrafish through the microbiota.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Immune Delay, Beyond Immune Evasion, as a Driver of Pathogen Propagation Competence Through Neutrophil Dysregulation, to be Mitigated by Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields (LF-EMF).

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

Combined Tumor Cell and Lysate-Based Vaccines for Immunotherapy of Primary and Recurrent Glioblastoma (GBM).

Cancers·2025
Same author

IL-26 from innate lymphoid cells regulates early-life gut epithelial homeostasis by shaping microbiota composition.

The EMBO journal·2025
Same author

Novel and unscrutinized immune entities of the zebrafish gut.

FEBS letters·2025
Same author

Macronutrients, Micronutrients, and Malnutrition: Effects of Nutrition on Immune Function in Infants and Young Children.

Nutrients·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Determination of Vaccine Immunogenicity Using Bovine Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
12:54

Determination of Vaccine Immunogenicity Using Bovine Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 19, 2023

2.4K

Bovine Lactoferrin Modulates Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Function.

Olaf Perdijk1, R J Joost van Neerven2,3, Erik van den Brink4

  • 1Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands. olaf.perdijk@wur.nl.

Nutrients
|July 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Bovine lactoferrin (LF) influences immune cell development, promoting tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) independently of LPS. This suggests LF’s role in maintaining immune balance within the human gut.

Keywords:
DC differentiationLPSbovine lactoferrinhyporesponsivemoDCsemi-mature phenotype

More Related Videos

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
09:10

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: October 28, 2019

7.7K
Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells
09:51

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 18, 2018

11.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Determination of Vaccine Immunogenicity Using Bovine Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
12:54

Determination of Vaccine Immunogenicity Using Bovine Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 19, 2023

2.4K
siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
09:10

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: October 28, 2019

7.7K
Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells
09:51

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 18, 2018

11.2K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Glycoprotein research

Background:

  • Bovine lactoferrin (LF) is a milk glycoprotein with immunomodulatory properties.
  • LF binds lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and may affect immune responses through Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways.
  • Previous studies suggest both LF and LPS can induce tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the LPS-independent effects of LF on human monocyte differentiation into DCs.
  • To determine if LF directly modulates DC differentiation and function.

Main Methods:

  • Human monocytes were isolated and differentiated into DCs using IL-4 and GM-CSF, with or without LF.
  • Differentiated DCs were stimulated with LPS or Poly I:C + R848.
  • Cell surface markers and cytokine production were analyzed via flow cytometry.

Main Results:

  • LF-differentiated DCs (LFDCs) produced more IL-6 and IL-8 during differentiation.
  • LFDCs exhibited lower CD1a and HLA-DR expression, indicating a semi-mature phenotype.
  • LFDCs showed reduced responsiveness to TLR ligands, with diminished cytokine production.
  • Proteinase K treatment of LF abolished these effects, confirming they were LF-mediated and not due to LPS contamination.

Conclusions:

  • LF directly influences monocyte differentiation into DCs, promoting a tolerogenic phenotype.
  • LF-treated DCs are hyporesponsive to TLR stimulation, suggesting a dampening effect on immune activation.
  • LF may contribute to immune homeostasis in the human gastrointestinal tract.