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Related Concept Videos

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Elasticity is the ability of an object to withstand the effects of distortion and to return to its original size and shape once the forces causing deformation are removed. When an elastic material deforms under the action of an external force, it experiences internal resistance to the deformation. However, if no external force is applied, it returns to its original state.
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Elasticity in Concrete01:20

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Upon subjecting concrete to moderate or high uniaxial compressive or tensile stresses, the strain response is non-linear relative to the stress applied. As the stress is removed, the resulting stress-strain curve deviates from the original path traced during loading, creating a hysteresis loop, indicative of the concrete's non-linear and non-elastic properties. Typically, a material's modulus of elasticity, which is a measure of the material's stiffness, is inferred from the linear...
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Elastic Potential Energy01:01

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Elastic potential energy is the energy stored as a result of the deformation of an elastic object, such as the stretching of a spring. An object is elastic if it returns to its original shape and size after being deformed. 
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Strain and Elastic Modulus01:15

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The quantity that describes the deformation of a body under stress is known as strain. Strain is given as a fractional change in either length, volume, or geometry under tensile, volume (also known as bulk), or shear stress, respectively, and is a dimensionless quantity. The strain experienced by a body under tensile or compressive stress is called tensile or compressive strain, respectively. In contrast, the strain experienced under bulk stress and shear stress is known as volume and shear...
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Elastic Collisions: Introduction01:00

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An elastic collision is one that conserves both internal kinetic energy and momentum. Internal kinetic energy is the sum of the kinetic energies of the objects in a system. Truly elastic collisions can only be achieved with subatomic particles, such as electrons striking nuclei. Macroscopic collisions can be very nearly, but not quite, elastic, as some kinetic energy is always converted into other forms of energy such as heat transfer due to friction and sound. An example of a nearly...
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Elastic collision of a system demands conservation of both momentum and kinetic energy. To solve problems involving one-dimensional elastic collisions between two objects, the equations for conservation of momentum and conservation of internal kinetic energy can be used. For the two objects, the sum of momentum before the collision equals the total momentum after the collision. An elastic collision conserves internal kinetic energy, and so the sum of kinetic energies before the collision equals...
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Reprogrammable Braille on an elastic shell.

Jun Young Chung1, Ashkan Vaziri2, L Mahadevan3

  • 1Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|July 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel programmable matter using elastic plates that store information as stable dimples, akin to Braille. This breakthrough offers a new avenue for creating small-scale mechanical memory devices.

Keywords:
Brailleelastic shellmechanical memorymultistabilityprogrammable matter

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Programmable matter offers advanced functionalities by altering its physical properties.
  • Storing information in physical structures, like elastic plates, is an emerging area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a minimal realization of reversibly programmable matter.
  • To explore the use of stable discrete dimples on elastic plates for information storage.
  • To investigate the control and characteristics of these 'elastic bits' (e-bits).

Main Methods:

  • Experimental manipulation of smooth elastic plates, including cylindrical and spherical shells.
  • Controlled creation and erasure of dimples to represent data.
  • Theoretical analysis of governing equations for localized elastic states.
  • Numerical simulations to characterize the phase diagram of e-bit formation.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated information storage in a Braille-like format using stable dimples on elastic plates.
  • Achieved precise control over the number, location, and temporal order of dimples.
  • Characterized the phase diagram for e-bit formation, consistent with experimental observations.
  • Identified bistability and hysteresis arising from geometrical-scale separation.

Conclusions:

  • The described system provides a minimal, reversible method for programmable matter.
  • Elastic plates can function as a platform for small-scale mechanical memories.
  • The findings are independent of material properties and absolute scale, suggesting broad applicability.