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During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Ions as Acids and Bases

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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
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Crystal Field Theory
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CFT focuses on...
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Protein Complex Assembly

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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
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A Strongly Luminescent Chromium(III) Complex Acid.

Sven Otto1,2, Christoph Förster1, Cui Wang3,4

  • 1Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|July 4, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A new acidic, luminescent chromium(III) complex exhibits strong, long-lived NIR emission. Its luminescence is pH-dependent, switching off upon deprotonation and restored by re-protonation, highlighting its potential in sensing applications.

Keywords:
chromiumdeuterationluminescencepolypyridinetridentate ligands

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Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Photophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Development of novel luminescent materials is crucial for advanced applications.
  • Chromium(III) complexes offer unique electronic and photophysical properties.
  • Understanding structure-property relationships is key to designing functional complexes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel acidic, luminescent chromium(III) complex.
  • To investigate the photophysical properties, including luminescence and its environmental sensitivity.
  • To explore the factors influencing luminescence, such as pH and solvent interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of the chromium(III) complex with a tridentate H2tpda ligand.
  • X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy for structural analysis.
  • Photophysical measurements (excitation/emission spectra, quantum yield, lifetime) in various solvents and pH conditions.
  • Reactivity studies involving deprotonation and re-protonation.

Main Results:

  • A novel acidic, luminescent chromium(III) complex, [Cr(H2tpda)2]3+, was successfully synthesized.
  • The complex displays strong, long-lived near-infrared (NIR) luminescence at 782 nm.
  • Luminescence is pH-dependent, quenched by deprotonation (pKa = 8.8) and restored by re-protonation; dioxygen quenching is less efficient than expected due to ion-pairing.
  • Deuteration of NH groups enhances quantum yield and lifetime, indicating multiphoton relaxation is important.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized chromium(III) complex is a promising NIR emitter with tunable luminescence properties.
  • Its pH sensitivity suggests potential applications in chemical sensing.
  • Ion-pairing and multiphoton relaxation significantly influence the photophysical behavior of this complex.