Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Evaluating the Effect of Roadside Parking on a Dual-Direction Urban Street
Published on: January 20, 2023
Beyond bus fare: deconstructing prenatal care travel among low-income urban mothers through a mix methods GIS study
Joan Rosen Bloch1,2, Sarah Cordivano3, Marcia Gardner4
1a College of Nursing and Health Professions , Drexel University , Philadelphia , PA , USA.
Objective:
Guided by critical theory, this study illustrates the value of interpretative mapping to deconstruct bus travel to publicly funded prenatal care in a city marked by health and social inequities.
Methods:
This mixed methods study used GIS maps based on 61,305 births to study the known barrier of transportation to prenatal care among urban mothers most at risk for preterm birth.
Results:
Among 350 census tracts, 36 census tracts had preterm rates between 25 -36.9%. Modeling travel time for the case vignette for routine prenatal care took 21 visits to different geographically located facilities. This burden increased to 32 visits if the case vignette was high-risk.
Conclusions:
Interpretative GIS mapping is an important tool to ground truth spatially linked data into real world meanings. Promoting optimal health requires innovative and feasible approaches that take into consideration daily maternal functioning as pregnant mothers care for their children and themselves.
Related Concept Videos
Travelling Waves
Water waves, sound waves, and seismic waves are some examples of mechanical waves. For water waves, the wave propagation medium is...
Bus Impedance Matrix
In the first circuit, all machine voltage sources are short-circuited, leaving only the prefault voltage source at the fault location. The positive-sequence bus impedance matrix can be determined by solving the nodal equations,...
GIS Software, Hardware, and Sources of GIS Data
Levels of Use of a GIS
Introduction to GIS
Traveling Waves: Lossless Lines

