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Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetics
  • Atmospheric Physics
  • Radar Engineering

Background:

  • Millimeter wave (MMW) propagation is crucial for remote sensing.
  • Clouds and fog significantly affect MMW signals, impacting radar performance.
  • Existing propagation models may not fully account for dispersive effects in adverse weather.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the theoretical and experimental effects of fog and clouds on MMW propagation.
  • To analyze the impact of attenuation and group delay on Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) radar accuracy.
  • To validate and refine MMW propagation models for weather-affected environments.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical derivation of frequency-dependent attenuation and group delay using medium permittivity.
  • Modification of the Millimeter-wave Propagation Model (MPM).
  • Experimental verification using FMCW radar (320–330 GHz) in an artificial fog chamber.

Main Results:

  • Fog and clouds introduce both attenuation and incremental group delay.
  • Group delay significantly affects the accuracy of millimeter-wave FMCW radar.
  • The analytical model showed good agreement with experimental results despite differences in fog characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • Dispersive effects, specifically group delay, are critical factors in MMW radar accuracy in fog/clouds.
  • The developed model provides a better understanding of MMW propagation in adverse weather.
  • Consideration of these effects is essential for designing accurate remote sensing radars at millimeter and sub-millimeter wavelengths.