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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Water Intake01:25

Regulation of Water Intake

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Osmolality refers to the number of solute particles per kilogram of solvent in a solution. Plasma osmolality specifically indicates the total number of solute particles per kilogram of water in blood plasma. This value reflects the body's hydration status and is tightly regulated through mechanisms controlling water intake and output. While water consumption is a conscious decision, the body has intrinsic regulatory systems to maintain fluid balance. Dehydration, a state of water deficit...
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Regulation of Water Output01:26

Regulation of Water Output

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The human body predominantly expels water through the urinary system. On average, an individual generates around 1.5 liters of urine each day. This amount can fluctuate based on how well a person is hydrated, but a critical minimum quantity of urine must be produced to ensure the body's proper functioning. Daily, the kidneys remove 600 to 1200 milliosmoles of dissolved substances, effectively excreting excess minerals and water-soluble toxins such as creatinine, urea, and uric acid from the...
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Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water01:16

Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water

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Pure water is a weak electrolyte; only a small amount ionizes into hydrogen and hydroxide ions. At any given temperature, the concentration of undissociated water is almost constant, so the ionic product of water is the product of the hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations, denoted as Kw. The square root of Kw gives the individual ion concentrations.
The ionic product of water varies with temperature, and its value is 1.0 x 10−14 at standard experimental conditions. Per Le...
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Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

68.3K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
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Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

37.2K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
37.2K
Solubility Equilibria03:07

Solubility Equilibria

57.6K
Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many natural and technological processes, ranging from tooth decay to water purification. An understanding of the factors affecting compound solubility is, therefore, essential to the effective management of these processes. This section applies previously introduced equilibrium concepts and tools to systems involving dissolution and precipitation.
The...
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Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction
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Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction

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Tunable Water-Soluble Supramolecular Polymers by Visible-Light-Regulated Host-Guest Interactions.

Ting-Ting Jin1, Xiao-He Zhou1, Yong-Fei Yin1

  • 1Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China.

Chemistry, an Asian Journal
|July 6, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created light-responsive supramolecular polymers using cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) and fluorinated azobenzene (FAB) monomers. Visible light triggers depolymerization, enabling dynamic control over these self-assembling systems in water.

Keywords:
azobenzenescucurbit[8]urilhost-guest interactionsupramolecular polymersvisible-light response

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Photochemistry

Background:

  • Artificial self-assembling systems with dynamic photo-regulation are crucial for advanced materials.
  • Controlling self-assembly in aqueous solutions is challenging but vital for biological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate water-soluble supramolecular polymers with dynamic photo-responsive capabilities.
  • To utilize host-enhanced interactions for controlled self-assembly and disassembly.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized monomers containing fluorinated azobenzene (FAB) photochromophores.
  • Utilized cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) as a host molecule to mediate supramolecular polymerization.
  • Employed host-enhanced heteroternary π-π stacking interactions for monomer connection.
  • Investigated visible-light-induced E→Z photoisomerization of FAB for depolymerization control.

Main Results:

  • Successfully fabricated water-soluble supramolecular polymers mediated by CB[8].
  • Demonstrated visible-light-induced depolymerization of the supramolecular polymers.
  • Showcased dynamic regulation of encapsulation and assembly through light irradiation.

Conclusions:

  • CB[8]-mediated supramolecular polymers with FAB monomers offer a novel platform for photo-responsive materials.
  • Visible light provides a non-invasive method to control the assembly and disassembly of these systems in aqueous environments.
  • This work opens avenues for fabricating dynamic and responsive biomaterials.