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A Functionally Graded PICN Material for Biomimetic CAD-CAM Blocks.

M Eldafrawy1, J F Nguyen2,3, A K Mainjot1,4

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new biomimetic material for dental prostheses, functionally graded polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (FG-PICN) blocks, offering a gradient of mechanical properties. FG-PICN shows promising biomechanical behavior for dental restorations compared to existing CAD-CAM materials.

Keywords:
bioengineeringbiomaterial(s)ceramicscomposite materialsmaterials science(s)prosthetic dentistry/prosthodontics

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Materials Science
  • Materials Engineering

Background:

  • Computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD-CAM) prostheses require materials that mimic natural tooth structure.
  • Existing CAD-CAM materials often lack the gradient of mechanical properties found in natural teeth, potentially limiting biomechanical performance.
  • Functionally graded materials offer a potential solution by providing tailored properties across their structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and characterize a novel functionally graded polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (FG-PICN) block.
  • To evaluate the mechanical properties and structural characteristics of FG-PICN blocks for CAD-CAM dental prostheses.
  • To compare FG-PICN properties with existing CAD-CAM materials like Katana translucent zirconia (HT-ZIR) and e.max-CAD (EMX).

Main Methods:

  • FG-PICN blocks were fabricated using a glass-ceramic powder slurry, followed by centrifugation, sintering, and infiltration with urethane dimethacrylate.
  • Blocks were sectioned into nine layers, and samples were tested for flexural strength, flexural load energy, and flexural modulus using a 3-point bending test.
  • Volume percentage of glass-ceramic, hardness, brittleness index, and porosity were measured; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for microstructural analysis.

Main Results:

  • FG-PICN exhibited a gradient of properties, with flexural strength and flexural load energy increasing from the enamel-like surface layer to the dentin-like core layer.
  • Flexural modulus, hardness, and ceramic volume percentage decreased from the surface to the core.
  • The dentin-like zone's flexural strength was comparable to EMX, while flexural load energy was superior to both EMX and HT-ZIR. Hardness gradient closely matched natural tooth tissues.

Conclusions:

  • FG-PICN blocks offer a biomimetic material with a gradient of mechanical and optical properties, mimicking natural dental tissues.
  • The favorable gradient of properties, particularly flexural load energy and hardness, suggests FG-PICN can enhance the biomechanical behavior of single-unit dental restorations.
  • FG-PICN represents a promising advancement for CAD-CAM dental prosthetics, potentially improving restoration longevity and function.